Liturgy of St John Chrysostom. St Basil the Great, Pontifical :

80 Catechumens (beginning of visible service) 64 Prefatory Note and Directions

A t the end of the Divine Lifur-y, after the Prayer before the Tribune :0 Lord, who blessest those who bless thee: Aath been said by the Priest, we all o forth to the Bajtfimal Font, jrecea2d dy the fa er-bearers, a f e r whom go Dencon and the Pn'e.~tbcann the book of the oly Gos#eLr and the censer, and tke B r e t h m , singing the f o ~ A i n gfiYrnn, in Tone Y M .:

the Gospel is read, while

. . . . . . . . . .

following Prayer :

the Choir, the Proto(See about.) Or, sometimes, they are chanted

. . . . . . .

Verse I : I am well pleased that the Lord hath heard the voice of my prayer. Rcfain. Through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God, 0 Saviour, save us. 2 : H e hath inclined his ear unto me : therefore will I call upon him as long as I live. @ 3 : The snares of death compassed me round about, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me. @ 4 : I found trouble and heaviness, and I called upon the Name of

Then the Deacon recifefhtAe LITANY. In peace let us pray to the Lord Andwhile this L bcin Chir. Lord, have mercy. said, the l'riest saitf secretly, the followFor the peace that is from above, and ing Prnyer ; for the salvation of our souls : & For the peace of the whole world ; for 0 Lord Jesus Christ, the Only-bethe welfare of God's holy Churches, and gotten Son, who art for the union of them all : I$ For this holy temple, and for those in the bosom of the who with faith, devoutness, and in the Father, the true God, Source of Life and fear of God have entered therein : & For our Holy Synod (or Patriarch); 2 of Immortality,Light for our Bishop (or Archbishop, or Metro- E of Light, who art politan), N. ; for the honourable Presby- m come into the world

Office of Oblation 67 Explanation (Appendix) 597

The Prayer at the Partaking of Grapes, on A u p s t 6th.

Then t h q enter the Churck again, singairg, in Tonc VZ.:

127 Explanation (Appendix)

ZZis Prayer is said over grapes which are brou k t into the Temple to be blessed a t h sixth &y of A w p s t , at places where t k r e are vintyurds. But in Great RussM, whem there arc no vineyard, a@les are brought into the Tem#le on that rkry, and the Prayer for those who bring the Jirst-fmits of vegelables is said. Euch vegetabZe is brought to the Tem#le i n its season, and the Prayer is saidn/cr it also.

The Choir singefh the Graa'ual (Prokimcn), Totre ZK

600 556 Many Years (Long Life). Grand (for the Emperor) for the Holy Synod and others . . 85

The Prayer for those who bring the jrst;frwits of vegetables.

remaining days the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts is used. The strictest fasting is prescribed, although the Orthodox Church usually prescribes abstinence during all fasts, not only from meat, but also from cheese, eggs, milk, butter, and so forth. On the evenings of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday of

Hear my prayer, 0 Lord, and consider my desire ; hearken unto m e for thy truth and righteousness' sake. And enter not into judgment wit11 thy servant ; for in thy sight shall no man living be justified. For

the first week of the Great Fast, the Great Canon-the Penitential

And fhe Demon ren'refk fke Little Litany :

Cial. vi. I 1-18

Hear my prayer, 0 Lord, and consider my desire; hearken unto me for thy truth and righteousness' sake. And enter not into judgment with thy servant; for in thy sight shall no man living be justified For the enemy hath persecuted my soul ; he hath smitten my life down to the ground ; he hath laid me in the darkness, as the men that have been long dead. Therefore is my spirit vexed within me, and my h e m within me is desolate. Yet do I remember the time past: I muse upon all thy works; yea I exercise myself in the works of thy hands. I stretch forth my hands unto thee; my soul gaspeth unto thee as a thirsty land. Hear me, 0 Lord, and that soon; for my spirit waxeth faint: hide not thy face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into

John iii. 13-17

And the Deacon snith tAr Great Litany.

Gal. ii. 16-20

Mark viii. 34-38 ;

Sunday before the

tation of the Cross

Sunday after the Exaltation of the Cross

Sunday before Christmas

Heb. xi. p r o , 17Matt. i. 1-25 40

Sunday after Christmas

Gal. i. I 1-19 Matt. ii. 13-23

Sunday before Epi hany

2 Tim. iv. 5-8 Mark i. 1-8

n ~ Gospels Eph. iv. 7-13 Matt. iv. 12-17 in the regular Week of Publican and W e e k 1 S ePharisee quenceoLleven 2 Tim. iii. 1-15 Luke xviii. 1-14 Week of Prodi Son r Lessons - as I Cor. vi. 12-20 Luke xv. I 1-32 shown above - I Cor. viii. 8-ix. 2 Matt. xxv. 31-46 Meat-fast Wee Cheese-fast Week be 'nning with Rom. xiii. r I-xiv. Matt. vi. 14-21 d'~aints.1

Grcaf F a t ( k t ):

Heb. xi. 24-26,32- John i. 43-5 1

Heb. i. 10; ii. 3; Mark ii. 1-12

vii. 26-viii. 2

John x. 9-16

Heb. iv. 14-v. 6 Mark viii. 34-ix. I

Heb. vi. 13-20 Mark ix. 17-31 Eph. v. 9-19 Matt. iv. 25-v. 12 Mark x. 32-45 Heb. ix. I 1-14

Gal. iii. 23-29 Luke vii. 36-50

PASSION-WEEK:

Matt. xxi. 18-43 Matt. xxiv. 3-15 Matt. xxiv. g&unri. 2 Matt. xxii. I 5-23 ; 39

John xii. 17-50 Matt xxvi. 6-16 For Thursday, Friday, i n d Saturday, see the Special Services for these days.

EPISTLES A N D GOSPELS FOR REQUIEM

EpistIrs Rom. d v . 6-g I Cor. xv. 39-57 2 Cor. v. 1-10 I Cor. xv. -28 I Cor. xv. 46-57 I Thess. iv. 13-17

John v. 17-24 John v. 24-30 John vi. 35-39 John vi. 40-44 John vi. 48-54 John v. 24-30

A TABLE O F LESSONS FOR T H E TWELVE GREAT FEASTS xxiii

A TABLE O F LESSONS FOR T H E TWELVE

GREAT FEASTS

NATIVITY OF THE MOST HOLY MOTHEROF OUR LORD.

Gospel. Luke x. 38-42 ; xi. 27, 28.

EXALTATIONOF THE HOLY AND LIFEGIVINGCROSS.

GoJPd. John xix. 5-1 I, 13-20, 25-28, 30-35.

PRESENTATION

OF THE VIRGIN.

Gospel. Luke x. 38-45 xi. 27-28.

Gmpcl. Matt. ii. 1-12.

Go@cl. Luke ii. 22-40. Matina Matt. i. 18-25

Gospel. Matt. xvii. 19.

Gospel. Luke i. 24-38.

FALLING-ASLEEP(ASSUMPTION)

OF THE VIRGIN.

Gos#c~. Luke X. 38-42 ; xi. 27, 28.

Gm#el. John xii. 1-18.

Gospel. Luke xxiv. 3 6 j 3 .

HOLY PENTECOST(TRINITYDAY, AND THE DAY OF THE SPIRIT).

9-23. GosfleZ. Luke xvi. I 2-18 ; xvii. 1-4. Day of the Spirit. Epistle. Eph. v. 9-1g. Gosfil. Matt. xviii. 10-20.

TABLE O F EPISTLES AND GOSPELS FOR T H E SAINTS

TABLE O F EPISTLES AND GOSPELS FOR T H E

SAINTS IN GENERAL

SERVICEOF THE MOST HOLYBIRTH-GIVER.

Gospcl. Luke i. 39-4956.

Efiistle. Phil. ii. 5-1 I ;or Heb. ix. 1-7. Gospel. Luke x. 38-42; xi. 27, 28.

SERVICE O F ALL THE HOLYBODILESSPOWERSO F HEAVEN.

Gospel. Luke x. 16-21 ; or Matt xiii. Epritk. Heb. ii. 2-10. 24-3093643.

GENERALSERVICEO F THE HOLY PROPHETS.

EpistCc. I Cor. xiv. 20-25 ; or Heb. vi. Gospel. Matt. xxiii. 29-39 ; or Luke xi. 13-20; or James v. 10-20. 47-54.

GENERALSERVICEOF THE HOLYAPOSTLES.

Gospel. Luke x. 1-15 ; or x, 16, 21. Epistle. I Cor. iv. 9-16.

SERVICEOF A SAINTEDPRELATE.

Epistle. Heb. vii. 26viii. 2. Gospel. John x. 9-16.

Epistle. Heb. xiii. 17-21. Cosjcl. Matt. v. 14-19; or John x. 9-16.

SERVICEOF VENERABLE

SAINTS,AND O F FOOLSFOR CHRIST'SSAKE.( I Cor. iv. 10.)

Gospel. Matt. xi. 27-30 ; or Luke vi. Episflc. Gal. v. 22-vi. 2. 17-23.

SERVICEOF A MARTYR

Gospel. Luke xii. 2-12; or John xv. Epistle. z Tim. ii. 1-10. 17-xvi. 2.

Gospel. Matt. x. 16-22 ; or Luke xxi. Epistle. Rom. viii. 28-39 ; or Heb. xi. 33-40. 12-19.

Episflc. Heb. xiii. 7-16. Gospel. Luke xii. 32-40.

Epistle. Heb. v. 4-10 ; m Phil. iii. 20-iv. 3. Gospel. Luke ~ i I. 7-23 ; m x. 22-24 ; Or XlV. 25-35.

EjisfCc. 2 Tim. i. 8-18.

Gospel. Mark viii. 34-ix. r.

TABLE OF EPISTLES A N D GOSPELS FOR T H E SAINTS

GENERALSERVICEOF MARTYRED

MONKSOR NUNS.

Gospcl. Matt. x. 32-33, 37, 38; xix. Ejisfle. Rom. viii. 28-39. 27-30 ; or Luke xii. 8-12.

GENERALSERVICEOF HOLYWOMENMARTYRS.

Ejfitlc. 2 Cor.vi. 1-10; or Gal. iii. 23-29. Go@el. Matt. xv. 21-28; or Mark v. 24-34

EjistIc. Eph, vi. r e 1 7 .

I Cor. xii. 27-xii. 8.

Gospel. Matt. xxv. 1-13 ; or Luke vii. 36-50.

Gos#el. Luke xii. 8-12.

Gospel. Matt. x . I, 5-8.

T H E SYMBOLISM OF T H E CHURCH*

The Exterior. A Temple has sometimes a single dome, sometimes

many domes. One dome serves as a symbol of the One Head of the Church, Jesus Christ. Three domes typify the three Persons of the Holy Trinity. Five are symbolical of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Four Evangelists. Each dome -and where there is no dome the apex of the Temple is crowned by a Cross, the emblem of victory. Belle. A Belfry is generally constructed in connection with the church, either in a separate tower or in one of the domes. The direct use of the belfry is to summon the faithful' to worship, although the rubric concerning the use of the different bells and their manner of chiming and pealing is very detailed and complicated. It is impossible to make it clear, in a foreign language, to those who are not personally

acquainted with the beautiful Russian bells, which are treated in a peculiar way, wholly unknown in the Western Church. They are rung at certain points in the service, in order that the faithful who, for any reason, are not in church, may unite their prayers with those of the worshippers in the Temple at the most solemn moments. At Matins, for example, they are rung before

the lights are being kindled, and the choir is singing: Praise ye the Lord.

only in certain of the Secret Prayers, one Hymn, and three phrases in the Consecration of the Holy Gifts (as duly indicated at the proper places), the

Basil's Liturgy, as the latter, in turn, was a later and abbreviated form of a still earlier Liturgy. It is appointed to be used on the Sundays of the Great Fast (Lent), except on Palm Sunday; on Holy Thursday and Holy Saturday; and on Christmas Day and the Epiphany, when those feasts fall upon Sunday or Monday ; otherwise, on the days preceding those feasts. Also, on St. Basil's Day, January I; in all, ten times in the course of the year.

which have previously been consecrated are used for the Holy Communion, has existed from ancient times, although, in its present form, it is ascribed to St. Gregory Homiliastes of Rome (sixth century). The Orthodox Church decrees that this Liturgy shall be celebrated during the Great Fast (but at no other time), since the triumphantly joyous feelings associated with the cornplete Liturgy and the consecration of the Holy Gifts are incompatible with

the strictness of the Fast. Hence it is ordained that the complete Liturgy

shall be celebrated only on Saturdays and Sundays during the weeks of the Great Fast (Lent). The customary days for the celebration of the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts are Wednesday and Friday of every week, and on

Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday of Passion Week.

the Priest, consisting of a cassock (stikhdr), a stole (cpitraRhfI), gauntlets

(p6m/chz], girdle (pbynr), and chasuble w16n) ; vessels, -a chalice, a paten, a star-cover, a spear, a spoon ; veils, a censer, a service book ; lights burning on the altar ; and an acolyte. Only one Liturgy may be celebrated on any Altar in the course of one day ; and no Bishop or Priest may celebrate more than one Liturgy in the course of one and the same day.

The Priest who enters upon the celebration of the Liturgy must be free

from inhibition, and from mortal sin, and must prepare himself,- spiritually, by reconciling himself with all men, by penitence, and the appointed devotions ; bodily, by abstinence from food and drink(from midnight at the least), and from fleshly desires, and'by cleanliness of body and garments.

The appointed devotions consist of the celebration or the hearing of the

Evening and Morning Services and Prayers ; and there must also be read : .

On Monday: The Canon to the Lord Jesus, the Invocation to the Birthgiver

of God, the Canon to the Archangels; and, if he so desire, to his Guardian Angel. On Tuesday: The Canon to the Lord Jesus, the Invocation to the Birth-giver of God, to John the Forerunner, and to his Guardian Angel. On

Wednesday: The Canon to the Lord Jesus, the Canon to the Birth-giver of

God, and to his Guardian Angel. On Thursday: The Canon to the Lord Jesus, the Invocation to the Birth-giver of God, to his Guardian Angel, to

the Holy Apostles ; and, if he so desire, to St. Nicholas. On Friday, the

More honourable . (see page m f i o r f i n g himself on his crozier, he approacheth the Hol Door, and there giueth the bkssingfor fke PRAYER or ENTRANCE, as s l m n adme. (Sn#age 68.) Afterthe Prayer; Stretch forth th hand, 0 Lord . . . (seepage 68), the Bis tumeth his face tmara3 the J e @ k , and bksseth tke worsh@pers, ?hi e tk Choir singeth :

Ton Desp6tin kai ArkhierCa irndn, Kjrie fjlatte. Eis polli Cti, DCspota (Preserve, 0 Lord, our Master and Bishop. For many years, 0 Master.)

The Buh@ then goeth to his ahis; the C k r ask AL bkssing, andwithdraw

info tke Sanctuary a vest themelurr. Priest who hath celebratrd the Oflce of Oblation blesseth the beginning of the Hours :

Blessed is our God always, now, and ever, and unto ages of

ages. 2Rcadcr. Amen. aAndhe readeth the THIRD HOURand the SIXTH HOUR.

Meanwhile the Sub-Deacons begin to vest t k B L w , havin fist remuwed his mantle, c l c t o r a l h o a

d c o c k . d z l e the Bishop's vestments are being put u on him, the Proto-Deacon, censer in hand, re cifeth tke same Verses w id the Priests recite as they vest themselves.

Deacon exchiinin before each :Let us pray to e Lord ; and using the second person, anfsnbsh'ruting for sL Pricsts " the word *'Biskqps," and so fwth.

When the pall (omofdr)L put on, the Deacon saith :

When thou hadst taken upon thy shoulders human nature which had gone astray, 0 Christ, thou didst bear it to heaven, unto thy God and Father, always, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen, And with tke pectwal holy image he saith :

May God create in thee a clean heart, and renew a right spirit within thee, always, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen A t the secondpectoral image (if there be one), he saith :

Thy heart is inditing of a good matter; thou shalt speak of thy deeds unto the King, always, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen.

I f the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great be used on the $receding day (Sotchklnik) then on the Feast of the Aativity itself the Liturgy of St. 3ohn Chrysosiom is used; and contrariwise.

The other general a'zyerences of this festival service are asfolloweth :Mdins

are #recetled, not by Vesjers, but by GRAND

Antrj5k.m I., Tone 11.

Em I : I will give thanks unto the Lord with my whole heart. Refrain. Through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God, 0 Saviour, save US. Verse 2 : In the council of the faithful and in the congregation, the great works of the Lord. & V e m 3 : Sought out of all them that have pleasure therein. I# Vme 4 : His work is honour and majesty, and his righteousness endureth forever. &

Antzj5Ron II., Tone 1

Verse I : Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord, that hath great delight in his commandments. Refrain. 0 Son of God, who wast born of a Virgin, save us who sing unto thee : Alleluia. Verse 2 : His seed shall be mighty upon earth, the generation of the faithful shall be blessed. I# V e m 3 : Riches and plenteousness shall be in his house, and his righteousness endureth forever. @ V m 4 : Unto the godly there ariseth up light in the darkness : he is merciful, loving and righteous. @ Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now. and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. 0 Only-begotten Son and Word of God ! . . . (Seepage 170.)

T H E NATIVITY OF CHRIST

V m I : The Lord said unto my Lord : Sit thou on my right hand. Hymn. Thy Nativity, 0 Christ our God, . . (Seepage 176.) Vwsc 2 : Until I make thine enemies thy footstool. I$ (Hymn.) VCISC3 : The Lord shall send the rod of thy power out of Zion : be thou ruler, even in the midst among thine enemies. I$ (Hymn.) Vcrsc 4 : In the day of thy power with an holy worship. Introit. Out of the womb, before the morning s t i r have I begotten thee : the Lord hath sworn and will not repent: thou art a Priest forever, after the order of Melchizidech. Instcad of: 0 Holy God, Holy Mighty : is sung: A s many as are baptized into Christ have put on Christ. Alleluia Tk Gradual (Prokimm),in t h Eighth Tow. Let all the earth worship thee, and hymn thee, yea, let it hymn thy Name, 0 Most Highest.

Vtrsc: Shout unto the Lord, all ye lands, sing unto his Name, give glory to his praise. V c m : The heavens declare the glory of God, and the dry land proclaimeth the work of thy hands. Vme: Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto ni,aht proclaimeth knowledge. TAXEpistle. Gal. iv. 4-7. Th Gospel. Matt. ii 1-12. Instead o f : Meet is i t : TZe Ninth Tknc-Song g-the Canon : A mystery

. . . (Seepage 179.)

The Communion Hymn. The Lord hath sent deliverance unto his

The Benediction. May he who was born in a cavern, and lay in a

manger, for the sake of our salvation, Christ our true God, through the prayers of his most pure Mother ; of the holy, glorious and all-laudable Apostles; of our holy and God-bearing fathers; of the holy and righteous Ancestors of God, Joachim and Anna; and of all the Saints, have mercy upon us and save us, forasmuch as he is good, and loveth mankind.

T H E EPIPHANY

On the Eve of the Epz$hany the same strict fast is observed, and the same services are celebrated as on tke E v e of Christ's Nativity (Christmm). T h t k to say : The IMPERIAL HOURSare r e d , andthe Liturgy of S f . Basil the Great i s celebrated ( 2 7 the Eve abth not all upon S u f u r d ~ yor Sunday), #rece&d by

;whiie in tke evmin t servite c o d t e t h of Grand Cbmj line joined fo Matins. Tke d@rences ktween these servkes and those fl Chnitmas f i in the festival hymns and the consecration of the water. At this Feast there are two Blessings of the Waters :the first, on the Eve, irt Church; the second, after the Divine Lifurgy, on the aky of the Feust, xn&r

the @en sky, o rivers, lakes, #oo& and wells. I n ancient times the former waa

i n t m d dfor t Catechumens who werepre ared to receive bafltism, and WCII then baptized. The second was institute later, in imilation of the custom

the Christians o Jerusalem, who WCTC wont to go forth to the JmdDIl

Y z h r a t e tke fcstiva , and to $ray ;a h in runory of the consecratabn of tke watcrs ofthe rordan at tke time our Lord Jesns Christ was bat fixed therein. This Bkssang of tke Wafers is often called " Tke Jorrian Festzval " for that reuson.

Antz9hon I., Tom I.

Verse I : When Israel came out of Egypt, and the house of Jacob from among the strange people : Refrain. Through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God, 0 Saviour, save us. Verse 2 : Judah was his sanctuary, and Israel his dominion : I& Verse 3 : The sea saw it and fled : Jordan was driven back : I& Verse 4 : Why hast thou fled, 0 sea : and why art thou driven back, 0 Jordan ? I& Antzj5kon ZZ,, Tone 11. verse I : I am well pleased that the Lord hath heard the voice of my prayer. Refrain. 0 Son of God, who wast baptized in Jordan, save us who sing unto thee, Alleluia.

THE EPIPHANY

Verse 2 : That he hath inclined his ear unto me : therefore will I call upon him as long as I live. I$ Verse 3 : The snares of death compassed me round about, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me. I shall find trouble and heaviness, and I will call upon the Name of the Lord : 0 Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my soul : I$ Verse 4 : Gracious is the Lord, and righteous : yea, our God is merciful : I$ Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. 0 Only-begotten Son and Word of God ! . . (Seepage I 70.)

Anfz;bAon IlZ., Tone I.

V m e I : 0 give thanks unto the Lord, for he is gracious : his mercy endureth forever. Refrain: The Hymn for the Day Tropdr). When in Jordan thou wast baptized, 0 Lord, the worship o the Trinity was made manifest. For the voice of the Father bare witness unto thee, calling thee his beloved Son, and the Spirit, in the form of a dove, confirmed the steadfastness of that word. 0 Christ our God, who didst manifest thyself, and dost enlighten the world, glory to thee. V e n t 2 : Let Israel now confess that he is gracious, and that his mercy endureth forever : I$ Verse 3 : Let the house of Aaron now confess that he is gracious, and that his mercy endureth forever : I$ V m e 4 : Yea, let them that fear the Lord now confess that his

mercy endureth forever : I$

The Intmit. Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord.

We have blessed you from the house of the Lord : God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us.

The CoNect-Hymn (Kondfk). To-day hast thou revealed thyself unto

the universe, and thy Light, 0 Lord, hath showed a sign unto us, who

with understanding sing unto thee : Thou art come, and hast revealed thyself, 0 Light Unapproachable. In place of: 0 Holy God : A s many as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.

The Gradual (Prokfmm),in t h Fourik Tone. Blessed is he that

cometh in the Name of the Lord. God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us. Verse ( S f i k h ): Confess unto the Lord that he is gracious, that his mercy endureth forever.

The Epistle. Titus ii. I 1-14, iii. 4-7.

Alleluia. (Tone IV.) Offer thanks unto the Lord, ye sons of God. Verse: The voice of the Lord upon the waters.

The Gosprl. Matt. iii. 13-17.

THE EPIPHANY

T h Cornnunion Hymn (Pn.tc&ten). The saving grace of God hath manifested itself unto all men. Fm the BENEDICTION, see #age 197,E # W n y (end of Great Blessing of Waters).

T H E OFFICE AT THE GREAT BLESSING OF WATERS AT THE

HOLY EPIPHANY

The voice of the Lord crieth out over the waters, saying : Come, receive ye all the spirit of wisdom, the spirit of understanding, the spirit of the fear of God, even Christ who is made manifest. (Thrice.) To-day is the nature of water sanctified, and Jordan is cloven asunder, and rolleth back the current of its flood, as it beholdeth the Lord baptized. ( Twicc.) As a man didst thou come unto that river, 0 Christ our King, and didst earnestly desire to receive the baptism of a servant, 0 Good One, at the hands of the Forerunner, because of our sins, 0 thou who lovest man kind. ( Twice.) Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. In the same Tone: .

Unto the voice of him crying in the wilderness : Prepare ye the way of the Lord : thou didst come forth, 0 Lord, having taken on the form of a servant, and asking'baptism, though thou knewest not sin. The waters beheld thee and were affrighted. The Baptist became all trembling, and cried aloud, saying: How shall the candlestick illumine the light ? How shall a slave lay hands upon his Lord ? Sanctify thou me and these waters, 0 Saviour, who takest away the sins of the world. A n d taking his stand besicic the Fonf , the Deacon immediately saith :

The Reader. The Parable from the Prophecy of Isaiah.

Deacon. Let us attend. Thus saith the Lord (ch. xrxv.) : The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them ; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. It 'shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice, even with joy and singing : the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it, the excellency of Carmel and Sharon, they shall see the glory of the Lord, and the excellency of our God. Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear

THE EPIPHANY

not: behold, your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompense ; he will come and save you. Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the. ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing : for in the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert. And

the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of

water : in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes. And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called, The way of holiness ; the unclean shall not pass over it ; but it shall be for those: the wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err therein. No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous beast shall go up thereon, it shall not be found there; but the redeemed shall walk there : and the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads : they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away. Deacon. Wisdom ! Reader. The Parable from the Prophecy of Isaiah. Deacon. Let us attend.

Thus saith the Lord (ch. Zv.) : Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money ; come ye, buy, and eat ; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread ? and your labour for that which satisfieth not ? hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness. Incline your ear, and come unto me : hear, and your soul shall live ; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people. Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest

not, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee, because of the Lord thy God, and for the Holy One of Israel ;.for he hath glorified thee. Seek ye the Lord while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near: let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts : and let him return unto the Lord, and he will have mercy upon him ; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. For my tho2ghts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith

the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my

ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater : so shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth : it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent i t For ye shall go out with joy, and be led forth with peace: the mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands. Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir-tree, and instead of the brier shall

T H E GREAT BLESSING O F WATERS

come up the myrtle-tree : and it shall be to the Lord for a name, for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off. Deacorr. Wisdom ! Rrader. The Parable from the Prophecy of Isaiah. Deacon. Let us attend Thus saith the Lord (ch. xii. 3-6) : Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation And in that day shall ye say, Praise

the Lord, call upon his name, declare his doings among the people,

make mention that his name is exalted. Sing unto the Lord; for he hath done excellent things: this is known in all the earth. Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion : for great is the Holy One of Israel in

the midst of thee.

Deacon. Let us attend. Priest. Peace be with you all. Reader. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Wisdom ! Reader. The Gradual (Prokfmen),in the Third Tone. The Lord is my light and my salvation, whom shall I fear? Verse: The Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid ? Deacon. Wisdom ! Reader. The Lesson from the Epistle of the holy Apostle Paul to

the Corinthians.

Deacon. Let us attend. Brethren ( I Cor. x. 1-4): I would not that ye should be ignorant how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through

the sea; and were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the

sea; and did all eat the same spiritual meat ; and did all drink the same spiritual drink (for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them ; and that Rock was Christ). Priest. Peace be with thee. Reader. And with thy spirit. Deacon. W isdom ! Alleluia. ( Tone IV.) V e n e : The voice of the Lord upon the waters, the God of glory hath thundered: the Lord upon many waters. Deacon. Wisdom, 0 believers ! Let us listen to the Holy Gospel. Pricst. Peace be with you all. People. And with thy spirit. Priest. The Lesson from the holy Gospel of Mark. Choir. Glory to thee, 0 Lord ; glory to thee. Dcncon. Let us attend. (Ch. i. p-rr.) Pnkt. And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized of John in Jordan.

And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him. And there

THE EPIPHANY

came a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Choir. Glory to thee, 0 Lord ; glory to thee. 192

tery, the Diaconate in Christ, and for to illuminate it: Enlighten our minds all the clergy and the laity : & For our most God-fearing Sovereign, , with thy Holy Spirit, N.; and for all the Reigning House; $ and accept us who and for all their Council and Army and p offer unto thee maNaby : & $ jesty and 'thanksgiv, That he will aid them and subdueunder .a ing for thy marvel- t

their feet every foe and adversary : & lous mighty works, 2 For this city (if in a tnonastety, for Q which are from all @ gthis holy habitation), and for those who g. eternity ; as, also, for thy saving providence in the faith dwell therein : & in these latter ages, For healthful seasons ; for abundance of the fruits of the earth ; and for peace- -3, ih which thou hast clothed thyself in our ful times : & For those who travel by sea or by $ frail and lowly substance, and hast conland ; for the sick and the suffering ; for those who are in captivity, and for their descended to the statsalvation : & ure of a servant ; who That these waters may be sanctified '? yet art King of all; who also didst receive

by the power, and effectual operation, baptism in Jordan at and inspiration of the Holy Spirit : I$

the hands of a serThat there may descend upon these

waters the cleansing operation of the vant: that thou,O Sin- less One, having sancsuper-substantial Trinity : & That he will endue them with the tified the nature of grace of redemption, the blessing of water,mightest make Jordan, the might, and operation, and for us a way which inspiration of the Holy Spirit : J$ should be unto a new

THE GREAT BLESSING OF WATERS

That Satan may speedily be crushed birth, through water under our feet, and that every evil counand the Spirit, and cil directed against us may be brought unto the deliverance then first instituted to nought : I$ That the Lord our God will free us for us. Celebrating

the memory of which

from every aspersion and temptation of the enemy, and make us worthy of divine mystery, we

the good things which he hath probeseech thee, 0 Lord

who lovest mankind, mised : &

That he will illumine us with the light sprinkle us, thine unof understanding and of piety, and with 5 worthy servants, acthe inspiration of the Holy Spirit : I$ cording to thy divine That the Lord our God will send down promise, with pure

the blessing of Jordan and sanctify these 3 water, the gift of thy

waters : I$ tenderness of heart. That this water may be unto the be- i; And may the supplistowing of sanctification ; unto the remis- g cations of us sinners sion of sins ;,unto the healing of soul over this holy water and body : and unto every expedient be well pleasing unto service : I$

;t thy goodness : and 4 That this water may be a fountain may thy blessing welling forth unto life eternal : I$ through it be vouch- 9 That it may manifest itself effectual q. safed unto us, and unto the averting of every machination .Y unto all thy faithful of our foes, whether visible or invispeople, to the glory ible : I$

2. of thy holy and ador!

a able Name. For those who shall draw of it and . take of it unto the sanctification of their & For unto thee behomes : & longeth ail glory, That it may be for the purification of 3 honour and worship,

the souls and bodies of all those who, @ together with thy

with faith, shall draw and partake of $ Father who is from everlasting, and thine it: I$ That he will graciously enable us to all-holy, and good, perfect sanctification by participation in and life-giving Spirit, these katers, through the invisible maninow, and ever, and festation of the Holy Spirit : I$ unto ages of ages. That the Lord God will hearken unto Atad he saifh wifhin

the voice of petition of us sinners, and

Aimse&: Amen. will have mercy upon us : I$ That he will deliver us from all tribulation, wrath, peril and necessity : I$ Succor us, save us, have mercy upon us, and keep us, 0 God, by thy grace. Choir. Lord, have mercy. Calling to remembrance our most holy, undefiled, most blessed and

THE EPIPHANY

glorious Lady, the Birth-giver of God and ever-virgin Mary, with all the Saints, let us commend ourselves, and each other, and all our life unto Christ our God. Choir. TOthee, 0 Lord. Atrd when the Deacon hath/Snished the Litnny, the Pn'est reciteth, aloud, tkr

Great art thou, 0 Lord, and marvellous are thy works, and speech sufficeth not to sing the praises of thy wonders. (Thrice.) For thou, by thy will, from nothingness hast brought all things into being ; by thy majesty thou dost uphold all creation, and by thy providence thou dost direct the world. When thou hadst framed the universe out of four elements, thou didst crown the circle of the year with four seasons. All the reason-endowed powers tremble before thee. The Sun singeth thy praises, and the Moon glorifieth thee; the Stars, also, stand before thy presence. The Light obeyeth thee. The deeps shudder with awe before thee; the water-springs do thy bidding. Thou hast spread out the heavens like a curtain. Thou hast established the earth

upon the waters. With sand hast thou walled in the sea. Thou hast shed abroad the air for breathing. The Angelic Powers serve thee. T h e Archangelic hosts adore thee. T h e many-eyed Cherubim and the six-winged Seraphim, as they stand round about and do fly, veil their faces with awe before thine unapproachable glory. For thou, the God which cannot be circumscribed, who art from everlasting and ineffable, didst come down upon earth, taking on the form of a servant, and being made in

the likeness of men. For thou couldst not endure, 0 Master, because

of thy tender-hearted mercy, to behold the children of men tormented by the devil ; but thou didst come, and didst save us. We confess thy grace ; we proclaim thy mercy ; we conceal not thy gracious deeds. Thou hast set at liberty the generations of our race; by thy birth thou hast sanctified a Virgin's womb. All creation singeth praises unto thee, who didst reveal thyself; for thou art our God, who hast been seen upon earth, and didst dwell among men. Thou didst hallow, also, the streams of Jordan, in that thou didst send down from heaven thy Holy Spirit, and didst crush the heads of the serpents which lurked there. Then the Priest rt#eateth, thrice, tkcfollowing, and blesseth the water with krj

kandaf each rrpetition.

Wherefore do thou, 0 King who loveth mankind, come down now also through the inspiration of thy Holy Spirit, and sanctify this water. ( Thrice.) And impart unto it the grace of redemption, the blessing of Jordan. Make it a fountain of immortality, a gift of sanctification, a remission of sins, a healing of infirmities, a destruction of demons ; unapproachable by hostile powers, filled with angelic might. And may it be unto all those who shall draw it, and shall partake of it unto the purification of their souls and bodies, unto the healing of their passions, unto the

THE GREAT BLESSING OF WATERS

sanctification of their houses, and unto every expedient service. For thou art our God, who through water and the Spirit dost renew our nature, which had fallen into decay through sin. For thou art our God, who with water didst drown sin in the days of Noah. For thou art our God/ who by the sea, through Moses, didst set free from slavery to Pharaoh the Hebrew race. For thou art our God, who didst cleave the rock in the wilderness, so that water gushed forth, and who madest the floods to well forth abundantly ; and didst satisfy thy thirsty people. For thou art our God, who by fire and water, through Elijah, didst set Israel free from the errors of Baal. Do thou, the same Master, sanctify now also this water by thy

Holy Spirit. (Thrice.) Grant also unto all who shall be sprinkled therewith, and shall partdke thereof, and shall anoint themselves therewith, sanctification, blessing, purification and bodily health. (In Russia :) And save, 0 Lord, thy servant, our most God-fearing Sovereign, the Emperor N., and all the Reigning House. Save, 0 Lord, and show mercy upon the most holy Governing Synod, and keep them in peace beneath thy shelter. Subdue under them every foe and adversary ; grant unto them all their petitions which are unto salvation and life eternal ; that with the elements, and menland Angels, and with all things visible and invisible, they may magnify thy most holy Name, together with the Father, and the Holy Spirit, now, and

ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Pn'est. Peace be with you Ckoir. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Bow your heads unto the Lord. Choir. To thee, 0 Lord. And the Pticst, bowing his head, jrayeth :

Incline thine ear, 0 Lord, and hear us, 0 thou who wast graciously pleased to receive baptism in Jordan, and didst sanctify the waters. Bless all us who, by the bowing of our necks, do outwardly signify our humility of mind : and graciously grant that we may be filled with thy sanctification, through our partaking of this water, and through sprinkling therewith. And may it be unto us, 0 Lord, for the health of our souls and bodies. Exclamation.

Priest. For thou art the sanctification of our souls and bodies, and unto thee we ascribe glory, and thanksgiving and worship, together with thy Father, who is from everlasting, and thine all-holy, and good, and life-giving Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. And again blessing the water in cross-form with the holy cross, Ar d$jeth it theran, uflnkht, elevating and lowenkg it, holding it with both handr, and singzing tAr following Hymn in Tone I. :

When in Jordan thou wast baptized, 0 Lord, the worship of the

THE EPIPHANY

Trinity was made manifest. For the voice of the Father bare witness unto thee, calling thee his beloved Son, and the Spirit, in the form of a dove, confirmed the steadfastness of that word. 0 Christ, who didst manifest thyself, and dost enlighten the world, glory to thee. And the Choir singetk the same. Tlicn kc dCcssefA the wafers a sccond time, in like manner. And fhe Singers rejcat. And CiRewisc, a 'third time. T h n the Priest takcth of the holy water in a vcsscl, and ftrrnetk his f i e h m d

the PcOplt, holding thc cross in hak lc t Lana', and in his ri ht the asper

And ihc P c q k a jrouch, and kiss t e jrecious cross; anfthe Pnrrl d esscth them, and s t p e t them, on thafate, with the szjp of fhe moss, &A the ,404 water on the ~ e r g r ' I l n s .

Let us praise in song, ye faithful, the greatness of God's favour to usward. For, having become man because of our transgressions, by our purification is he purified in Jordan, he, the only pure and spotless One, who sanctifieth me and the waters, and crusheth the heads of the serpents in the water. Wherefore, 0 brethren, let us draw of that water with joy; for the grace of the Spirit is invisibly imparted unto him who, with faith, iloth draw thereof, by Christ our God, who also is the Saviour of our souls. Choir. Blessed be the Name of the Lord, henceforth, and- forever. ( Thrice.)

I will alway give thanks unto the Lord ; his praise shall ever be in my mouth. My soul shall make her boast in the .Lord ; the humble shall hear thereof, and be glad. 0 praise the Lord with me, and let us magnify his Name together. I sought the Lord, and he heard me ; yea, he delivered me out of all my fear. They had an eye unto him, and were lightened ; and their faces were not ashamed. Lo, the poor crieth, and

the Lord heareth him ; yea, and saveth him out of all his troubles. T h e

angel of the Lord tameth round about them that fear him, and delivereth them. 0 taste, and see, how gracious the Lord is : blessed is the man that trusteth in him. 0 fear the Lord, ye that are his saints ; for they that fear him lack nothing. T h e lions do lack, and suffer hunger ; but they who seek the Lord shall want no manner of thing that is good. Come, ye children, and hearken unto me ; I will teach you the fear of

the Lord. What man is he that lusteth to live, and would fain seegood

days ? Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips, that they speak no guile. Eschew evil, and do good ; seek peace, and ensue it. T h e eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their prayers.

The countenance of the Lord is against them that do evil ; to root out

the remembrance of them from the earth. T h e righteous cry, and the

THE GREAT BLESSING OF WATERS

'9 Lord heareth'them, and delivereth them out of all their troubles. The Lord is nigh unto them that are of a contrite heart, and will save such as be of an humble spirit. Great are the troubles of the righteous ; but t h e Lord delivereth him out of all. He keepeth all his bones, so that not one of them is broken. But misfortune shall slay the ungodly ; and they that hate the righteous shall be desolate. The Lord delivereth the souls of his servants ; and all they that put their trust in him shall not be destitute. A n d havingfirst dmnk of the h l y water, the Peojle take the ANTID~RON, that rj., the blessed bread,,frorn the PriEst. a3 $romnnced: Then the BENEDIC~ON

May he who was graciously pleased to accept baptism from John, in Jordan, for the sake of our salvation, Christ our very God, through the prayers of his most pure Mother, and of all the Saints, have mercy upon us and save us ; for he is gracious and loveth mankind

T H E MEETING OF T H E LORD

THE PURIFICATION OF THE H-OLY BIRTH-GIVER OF GOD

The Stanza (Stikhfva)for : Lord, I have cried : In Tone I. Let us

also come : with hymns divine let us meet Christ and receive him whose salvation Simeon beheld. For this is he of whom David prophesied : This is he who spake by the prophets ; who for our sakes became incarnate, and proclaimed the law. Him let us worship. (Tzttice.) Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Tone VI. To-day let the door of heaven be opened : for the Father's Word, which is from everlasting, having taken his beginning in time from a Virgin, without renouncing his Godhead, is of her own free will brought by his mother, as a babe of forty days, into the temple under the law: and an aged man receiveth him in his arms, crying : Let thy servant

depart, 0 Lord ; for mine eyes have seen thy salvation, which is come into the world to save the race of men. Glory to thee, 0 Lord.

The Pambles (Paremif). Exodus xii. 51, xiii. 1-3, I 1-12, 14-16 ;

Lev. xii 2-4, 6, 8 ; Isaiah vi. 1-1 3, xix. I, 3-5, 12, 19-2 I .

The Stanea at the Litrjcf, in Tone I. (by Anatolius). The Ancient

of Days, who of old gave the Law unto Moses, on Sinai, today is seen as a little Child ; and in accordance with the Law, as the creator of

the Law, fulfilling tbe Law, is brought into the temple, and given to

an aged man. And Simeon the Righteous, having received him, and perceived the fulfilment of the prarnises accomplished, cried aloud with joy : Mine eyes have seen the mystery hidden from eternity in these latter days revealed, the light which destroyeth the darkness of unbelieving heathen, and giveth glory unto newly chosen Israel. Wherefore, release thou thy servant from the bonds of this flesh unto

the life which waxeth not old, marvellous and unending ; granting unto

the world great mercy.

The Hymn for the Day (Tropcfr), in Tone I. Hail, 0 Virgin Birtbgiver of God: for from thee hath shone forth the Sun of Righteousness, Christ our God, who givetb light to those who are in darkness. And rejoice, thou aged, righteous man, that didst receive in thine arms the Redeemer of our souls, who giveth unto us resurrection.

The Exaltation ( Velitchcfnie). We magnify thee, 0 life-giving Christ,

and we do homage to thy Mother most pure, by whom thou hast now been brought into the Temple of the Lord, according to the Law. The Gradual (Prokfmen),in the Fourth Tom. I will call to rernenlbrance thy Name from generation to generation.

T H E MEETING O F T H E LORD

Verse ( Stikh) : My heart is inditing of a good matter.

The Gospe(. Luke ii. 25-32.

The Benrdiclion. May he who, for the sake of our salvation, deigned

to be held in the arms of the righteous Simeon, Christ our true God: and the rest. (See page I 2 2 . )

The Collect-Hymn (Kondrfk). We, thy servants, . . . (See page 42.)

The G'raduul (Prokfmen),in the Fourth Tone: Proclaim ye, from day

unto day, the glad tidings of the salvation of our God. Verse (Stikh) : Sing unto the Lord a new song, sing unto the Lord all the whole earth. He shall descend like dew upon the fleece, and like drops of rain dropping upon the earth. Verse: His Name shall be blessed forevermore : his Name endureth before the sun. 7x8 Epistle. Heb. ii. 11-18. Alleluia (Tone Vl)

The Gospel. Luke i 24-38.

T h Hymn in place o f : Meet is it : The Ninth Them-Song of the

%--Aniaj5hon I., Tone ZZ.

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Anfi#hon /I., Tonc /I. Verse I : I believed, and therefore have I spoken : but I was sore troubled. Refrain. Save, 0 Son of dod, who didst sit upon the foal of an ass. us who sing unto thee : Alleluia 2 : What reward shall I give unto the Lord, for all the benefits he hath done unto me? @ 3 : I will receive the cup of salvation, and call upon the Name of the Lord. @ 4 : I will pay my vows unto the Lord now, in the presence of all his people. @ Glory . . . now, and ever, . . . 0 Only-begotten Son and Word of God ! . . . (Seepage 170.)

Ant@hon IZI., Tone I.

V m I : 0 give thanks unto the Lord, for he is gracious, because his mercy endureth forever. Rtfmin: Tke Hymn fm the Day ( Tvopdr). Thou didst raise Lazarus . . . (See page 204)

T H E ENTRANCE OF T H E LORD INTO JERUSALEM

2 : Let the house of Israel now confess that he is gracious, and that his mercy endureth forever. I$ 3 : Let the house of Aaron now confess that his mercy endureth forever. I$ 4 : Yea, let all that fear the Lord confess that his mercy endureth forever. I$

The Introit. Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord :

w e have blessed ye from the house of the Lord. God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. (Tone

Having been buried with thee in baptism, . . . (Seepage 204.) Now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. T h e Collec~Hymn(Kondak). 0 Christ-God, who in heaven art borne upon the throne, and on earth upon the foal of an ass, thou didst accept the praises of the Angels, and the hymns of the children that cried unto thee: Blessed art thou who art come to recall Adam from t h e dead ! TAc Epistle. Phil. iv. 4-9. T h Gospel. John xii. 1-18. I n pfacc of: Meet is it : The Ninth T h e - S o n g of tkc Canon. Thc Commzmion Hymn. Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of t h e Lord. God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us.

GREAT THURSDAY

# t ~ f m e d as , a lesson to us that we shonld serve one another. I n the Catkdrai of t k Falling-ake$ of the Birth-givcr of God (tke Assum lion), in Moscow ;and in the Monastery of the Catacombs, in Kze conclusion of the Divine Liturgy on Holy Thursda i s consecrate tkatHoly Ch&ai, whzkh ir used in (lllRussMs churches, i n t d Samament qf C d k m a tion, aflcr Ba#tism :aLro at the Coronation o the E m # i w a d Empress of God commanded &is Russaia, when t h y arc atwinlcd to the+ h i j r o j k t s @OM to m i r t tk kings aun T Consecration of the rim taketh #tam at fhAltar, a f t i t k Great E ~ ~ ~ Y M c .

. the Deacon saith the A~lgnrartrdLifany.

Have mercy upon us, 0 God, according to thy great mercy, . . . (Set

Antt$hm I., Tom I / .

Yese I : 0 clap your hands together, all ye people : cry aloud unto God with the voice of gladness.

T H E ASCENSION O F OUR LORD J E S U S CHRIST

Refrain. Through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God, 0 Saviour, save us. Verse 2 : For the Lord is high and to be feared : he is the great King upon all the earth. B Verse 3 : He shall subdue the people under us, and the nations under our feet. l$ Verse 4 : God is gone up with a merry noise, and the Lord with the sound of the trump. l$ Rntt2hn IZ., Tone 11.

V e m I : Great is the Lord, and highly to be praised, in the city of our God, even upon his holy hilL Refrain. Save, 0 Son of God who art ascended up in glory, those who sing unto thee : Alleluia. V m 2 : Upon the north side of the hill of Zion fieth the city of the great King. l$ Verse 3 : God is well known in her palaces as a sure refuge. l$ V e m 4 : For lo, the kings of the earth are gathered and gone by together. l$ Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. 0 Only-begotten Son and Word of God ! . . . (Seepage 170.) AntrjMon ZI/., Tom IV. Verse I : 0 hear ye this, all ye people ; ponder it with your ears, all ye that dwell in the world.

R e f a i n : The Hymn for the Day (Tropdr). Thou art ascended up into glory, 0 Christ our God, having made joyful thy disciples by the promise of thy Holy Spirit, the blessing which was announced unto them. For thou art the Son of God, the Redeemer of the world. Vnsc 2 : M y mouth shall speak of wisdom, and my heart shall muse of understandtng. I) V i e 3: I will incline mine ear to the parable, and show my dark speech upon the harp. l$

The Introit. God is gone up with a merry noise, and the Lord with

the sound of the trump. I)

The Gradual (Prokfmen),in the Seventh Tone. Be thou exalted in

heaven, 0 God, and thy glory above all the earth. V m (Stikh): My heart is fixed, 0 God, my heart is fixed ; I will sing and give thanks. T h EHtIc. Acts i. 1-1 I .

The Gospc(. Luke xxiv. 36-53.

In plncc of: Meet is it : The Ninth ZXemc-Song off& C a m : Thee, who above understanding (Seepage 244.)

The Communwn Hymn. God is gone up with a merry noise, and the

Lord with the sound of the trump.

PENTECOST (WHITSUNDAY)

The date of Pentecost is re &fed by the date of Easter. But that Su&y is

called T k Day ofthe XiorTnkily. The Feast o f tke Xo& Sfiinl (in Unl He is separate,yet equal in essence, honolrr and glo witk tkc Father atui tkt San) ir cekbrated a. t h e f i l l m k h y , ~ U ~ a tadn ~z s, c&d t k Day of the S rif. if ir wtona?-y to &cornate c h e s and housa at thir F~nulo i f h frrr b mf trees andjowers, and to stand at t k Divine Litur holding$owcrs. ZXir custom ir foun&d u on tkut o f fhe Old Testannt 811rch(LN. zxiii. 10-0; Num. xxvt'ii. 16) k t trees and$owcrs, Zkc t o k m of tke rencwsl of Natnta ix tkt S ' % , Qfi3 aLro the renewal of mankind througk tkt indwellingof lrtr Ho& Spzril. Th Speml fealurcs in the celcbratiOn of tkir Feast c m i t of ccrtain pctitwns ix

the Lifany ;and of Prayers 9.ecited kneeling at VeSpns, whuh, as a rwk,

immcdiatclyfolloweth t h Litrrrgy.

A t t h All-Night Vigr'I.

The Stanza (Stikhfra)for: Lord, I have cried : I n Tons I. Let us

celebrate Pentecost, and the coming of the Spirit, and the appointed day of the promise, and the fulfilment of hope, and the mystery which is as great as it is precious. Wherefore unto thee, 0 Lord, the Maker of all things, do we cry : Glory to thee. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Come, 0 ye people, let us worship the Godhead in three Persons,

the Son in the Father with the Holy Spirit. For the Father before time

was begat the Son, who is coeternal and is equally enthroned, and

the Holy Spirit who was in the Father, and was glorified together

with the Son; one Might, one Essence, one Godhead. Adoring the same let us all say: 0 Holy God, who by the Son didst make all things through the cooperation of the Holy Spirit: 0 Holy Mighty One, through whom we have known the Father, and through whom

the Holy Spirit came into the world : 0 Holy Immortal One, the Spirit

of comfort, who proceedest from the Father, and restest in the Son : 0 Holy Trinity, glory to thee.

The Gradual (Prokfmen

17, 24-29 ; Jdi i 23-32 ; Ezek m i . 24-28.

The Stanza at the Litiyd, in Tone VIIL k e n thou didst send

thy Spirit, 0 Lord, while the Apostles sat, then were the Hebrew children affrighted with dread as they gazed; for they heard them speak one to another in strange tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. For though unlearned they were made wise, and bringing the Gentiles unto the faith, proclaimed things divine. Wherefore, we also

do cry unto thee, 0 Lord, who hast revealed thyself upon earth, and hast saved us from guile : Glory to thee.

The Hymn for the Day (Trofdr),in Tone VIII. Blessed art thou, 0

Christ our God, who hast revealed fishers most wise, sending down upon them the Holy Spirit, and thereby catching the universe as in a n e t 0 Christ our God, who lovest mankind, glor to thee. T h Collcci-Hymn ( K d k ) . When the Most igh confounded the tongues, he dispersed the nations : but when he distributed the tongues of fire, he called all men unto unity. Wherefore, with one accord, we glorify the All-holy Spirit. TXe Exaltation ( Velitchfnie). We magnify thee, 0 lif e-giving Christ, and do homage to thine all-holy Spirit, whom thou didst send from

the Father upon thy disciples divine.

Tkc Gradual (Prokfmen), in the Fourik Tone. Thy good spirit shall lead me into the land of righteousness. V m (Stikh) : 0 Lord, hear my prayer, give ear to my petition

T b Gospel. John xx. 19-23.

An%z;dhon I., Tone II. V e m I : 0 be joyful in the Lord all ye lands : sing praises unto the honour of his Name; make his praise to be glorious. Refrain. Through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God, 0 Saviour, save us. Verse 2 : The voice of thy thunder was heard round about, thy lightnings illumined the universe; the earth was moved and shook witKal. @ Vcrse 3 : Thou art clothed with majesty and confession : thou deckest thyself with light as it were a garment. @ An%z2Aon II., Tone II. m e I : On the north side of Mount Zion lieth the city of the great King. Refmin. 0 Son of God who wast transfigured upon the Mount, save us who sing unto thee, Alleluia Verse 2 : And he brought them unto the mount of his sanctuary, even

the mountain which he had purchased with his right hand. @

Verse 3 : The hill of Zion which he loved, and built there like the . unicorn his sanctuary. I$

T H E TRANSFIGURATION OF T H E LORD

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. 0 Only-begotten Son and Word of God ! . . . (Seepage 170.) Ant@hon (/I., Tone V//. Verse I : They that put their trust in the Lord shall be even as the Mount Zion, which may not be removed forever. Refrain : The Hymn (Trqkfr), in Torte 11. Thou wast transfigured upon th_e Mount, O Christ-God, revealing unto thy disciples thy glory in so far as they were able to bear it. Let thy light everlasting illumine us sinners also ; through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God. 0 Light-giver, glory to thee ! Verse 2 : The hills stand about it, and the Lord about his people, forevermore. I$ Verse 3 : Lord, who shall dwell in thy tabernacle, or who shall rest

upon thy holy hill ? I$ Verse 4 : Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord, or who shall rise up in his holy place ? I$

The Introit. 0 Lord, send forth thy light and thy truth, and they

shall instruct me and shall lead me unto thy holy hill. The Gradttaf (Prokirnen), irr the Fotzrth To~te. 0 Lord, how marvellous are thy works : in wisdom hast thou made them all. Verse: Bless the Lord, 0 my soul : 0 Lord my God, thou art greatly exalted.

The Epistle. 2 Peter i. 1-19.

Alleluia. (Tone VIII.) The heavens are thine, and the earth is thine. Verse: Blessed are the people who understand the shout of joy.

The Gospel. Matt. xvii 19.

I n phce of: Meet is it : The Ninth Theme-Song of the Canon. Thy birth-giving was shown to be without defilement ; . . . (Seepage 261.)

The Communion Hymtr (Pritchiskn). 0 Lord, in the light of thy

countenance will we walk, and in thy Name will we rejoice forevermore. Aflcr the L i f u r - on this day it is customary to bless the fruifs.

Let us pray to the Lord. Lord, have mercy. Bless, 0 Lord, this new fruit of the vine, which thou hast graciously been pleased to permit to come to maturity, through salubrious seasons, and drops of rain, and peaceful times : and let it be unto joy for those of us who shall partake of this offspring of the vine ; and may we offer it as a gift to thee unto the purification of our sins, through the sacred and holy Body of thy Christ : with whom thou art blessed, together with thine all-holy, and good, and life-giving Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. . Amen.

THE TRANSFIGURATION OF T H E LORD

0 Lord our God, who hast commanded that we should bring unto thee an offering of each of thine own things, and who requitest the same with the gift of thine eternal good things; who didst graciously accept the offering of the widow, according to her ability : Accept thou now also these things which are offered unto thee by thy servant, N., and vouchsafe to place the same among thine eternal treasures ; granting unto him (her) an abundant harvest of thy worldly benefits, together with all things profitable unto him (her). For blessed is thy Name, and glorified is thy kingdom, of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen.

T H E FALLING-ASLEEP (ASSUMPTION) O F THE

MOST H O L Y BIRTH-GIVER O F GOD

(This Feast hjrccedcd by a Fizd of two wccks' duration.)

The Stansa (Stikhira)for: Lord, I have cried : I n Tone I. 0 marvel

wonderful ! The Source of life is laid in the grave, and the tomb becometh

the ladder unto heaven. Rejoice, 0 Gethsemane, thou holy abode of the

Birth-giver of God ! In that we have Gabriel for our chieftain, let us cry aloud, ye faithful : Hail, thou that art full of grace ! The Lord is with thee, through thee granting unto the world great mercy. (Twice.) Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. A t the sovereign command of God were the God-bearing apostles caught up on high in the clouds from every place ; and when they were come to thine all-holy and life-originating body, they kissed the same with love. The heavenly powers most high also, when the were come with their Master, were seized with dread as they escort e'c! the all-pure body which had received God ; with stately mien, also, they went before,

and invisibly cried aloud unto the Powers most high : Lo, the Queen over all, and the Maiden of God cometh. Be ye lifted up, 0 gates, and lift ye up, in more than earthly wise, Her who is the Mother of the Everlasting Light. For through her was salvation universal brought to pass for men : and we cannot gaze upon her, and it is not possible to render unto her the honour that is meet : for her surpassing merit exceedeth all understanding. Wherefore, 0 Birth-giver of God most pure, who abidest ever with the life-bearing King, who also is thy Son, entreat thou him that he will ever preserve thy new people, and save them from every hostile assault ; for we have acquired thine interces sion, blessing thee both in light and darkness forever.

The Gradual (ProRit~en)for the Day.

Th P a r d s (Paremif),the same asfor the NATMTY OF THE BIRTHGIVEROF

The Stansa a t the Litzjtd, in Tone V: Sing, 0 ye people, sing the

Mother of our God ; for to-day she doth yield up her all-radiant soul into the palms most pure of Him who, without seed, was incarnate of her : Whom, also, she doth unceasingly entreat that he will give unto

the world peace and great mercy.

Tkc Hymn for the Day (Tropbr), in Tonc I. In Birth-giving thou

T H E FALLING-ASLEEP OF T H E MOST HOLY BIRTH-GIVER

didst preserve thy virginity ; in thy Falling-asleep thou hast not forsaken the world, 0 Birth-giver of God. Thou hast passed over into life, thou who art the Mother of Life, and through thine intercessions dost deliver our souls from death. T h Exaltation ( Ve/itcMnir). We magnify thee, 0 Mother all-undefiled of Christ our God, and we glorify thine all-glorious Fallingasleep.

The Gradual(Prokfmfn),.inthe Fourth Tone. I will call to mind thy

name f mm generation to generation. Verse (Stikh) : Hearken, 0 daughter, and behold, and incline thine ear.

The Gospel. Luke i. 39-49, 56.

The First Canon. Tone I. (St.Cosmasof Mnium.)

Theme-Songs (Innosf). I. Adorned with glory divine thy holy and illustrious memory, 0 Virgin, hath gathered together all the faithful unto joy ; that under the leadership of Miriam, with chpirs and cymbals, they may sing thine Only-born : For gloriously hath he been glorified.

111. 0 Christ, the Wisdom and the Power of God, who createth and

maintaineth all things, establish thou the Church steadfast and immovable. For thou only art holy who restest in the Saints.

IV. The predictions and dark sayings of the Prophets proclaimed

beforehand thine incarnation of a Virgin, 0 Christ : The splendour of thy flashing forth shall come for the enlightenment of the nations ; and

the deep with joy shall cry unto thee : Glory to thy might, 0 thou who

lovest mankind.

V. The beauty divine and ineffable of thy perfection will I declare,

0 Christ; for thou who didst shine forth from the Glory eternal, as an effulgence coeternal and one in Essence, when thou didst become incarnate of avirgin's womb, didst shine as the sun upon those who sat in darkness and the shadow.

VI. The fire within the whale of the sea, the denizen of the deep, in

which the Prophet Jonah was found, was the prototype of thy three days' burial; for remaining unscathed, as before the swallowing, he cried aloud : With the voice of praise will I sacrifice unto thee, 0 Lord.

VII. Love divine, resisting the wrath audacious and the fire, did

sprinkle the fire with dew, but laughed to scorn the wrath, resounding above the instruments of music upon the God-inspired, supersensual and triple-stringed lyre of the Righteous Ones amid the flanie : Blessed be thou, 0 God of our fathers, and our God, exceeding glorious!

VIII. As dewdropping for the Godly Ones, but as consuming to the

impious, did the all-powerful Angel of God manifest forth the flame to

the Children. And the Birth-giver of God did he make a life-originating

Fountain, pouring forth destruction to Death and life to those who

266 T H E FALLING-ASLEEP O F T H E MOST HOLY BIRTH-GIVER

sing : The only Creator do we, who have been delivered, praise in song and magnify unto all the ages. Inplace of: My soul doth magnify the Lord : The Refrain :We, even all the nations, do bless thee, the only Birth-giver of God. O r : When

the all-holy Angels beheld thine Assumption they marvelled how a

Virgin should ascend from earth 'into heaven.

IX. The laws of Nature were conquered in thee, 0 Virgin pure;

for in birth-giving was virginity preserved, and with death is life conjoined. Thou who, after birth-giving, a Virgin didst remain, though dead, art yet alive, 0 Birth-giver of God, and savest always thine inheritance. A t the Liturgy.

The Gradual (Prokfmen),irr the Third Tone. My soul doth magnify

the Lord, and my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour.

Verse: For he hath regarded the lowliness of his handmaiden; for behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.

The Epistle. Phil. ii. 5-1 I.

Alleluia (Tone I/.) Arise, 0 Lord, in thy rest, thou, and the tabernacle of thy holiness. Verse: The Lord sware truth unto David, and he shall not abjure it

The Gospc(. Luke x. 38-42, x i 27, 28.

The Hymn in place of: Meet is it : The Ninth Theme-Song of the

priestly function without the permission of the Bishop of that diocese ; and that I will not ordain either a Priest, or a Deacon, or any other ecclesiastic in another's diocese, nor receive such into my diocese without letters of dismissal from their own Bishops. I will deal with the opponents of the Holy Church with reasonableness, uprightness and gentleness, according to the Al~ostlePaul ; And

the servant of the Lord must not strive, but be gentle unto all men,

apt to teach, forbearing, in meekness instructing those who oppose themselves; if God, peradventure, will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth. I promise to visit and watch over the flock now confided to me, after

the manner of the Apostles, whether they remain true to the faith,

and in the exercise of good works, more especially the Priests ; and to inspect with diligence, and to exhort and inhibit, that there may be no schisms, superstitions and impious veneration, and that no customs contrary to Christian piety and good morals may injure Christian conduct. And all those things, my bounden duty, which I have this day promised in word, I also promise to perform in deed unto my uttermost breath, for the sake of the covenanted good things to come. And may God, who seeth the heart, be the witness to my vow. And may our Saviour himself be my helper, in my sincere and zealous government and my performance thereof; and unto Him, together with the Father and t h e Holy Spirit, be glory and dominion, honour and worship, now,

and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen

330 ORDER OF ELECTING A N D CONSECRATING A BISHOP

A n d when this is completed, the Presiding Bishq5, blessing him, sai'Ih :

The grace of the Holy Spirit, through my humility, exalteth thee,

most God-beloved Archimandrite ( o r Hiero-Monk), N., to be the Bishopelect of the God-saved cities, NN. And the Billr@+Icct arakefh fhree reverences to fhe Presiding B i s h c a d tkc Proto-Deacon lcadrth kiln to the Bishops. A n d he, drliver~n~q to t same tht wrifterr statc~nenfof his faith and hispronrise, kisseth fheir right h a n k And thus he dcsccn&thfrom the tribune (amvdtz),and tnaketh a reverence. And

the Presiding Bisirop, signing him with his h d , in theform of a cross, saifh :

The grace of the Most Holy Spirit be with thee.

And they lead him upon the eagle, and the Choir chantcth MANYYEARSZo His Imperial .WajesQ, to the Synod, and to fhe nmuly-clccted Bishop. ( T eDivine Lituryy is the%be n, the Bixhop-clcct standing until his Consecratzon (or Ordinatm) in the X a c o n s chajel (Diakdnni), or fhe chaje! on fhr soufh of fhe Altar,fitlly vested ns a Priest). And after the THRICEHOLYhath been sung, (13) who is fo receive Ordination is led forth by the Archpriest and U e Profo-Deacon,in ront of the Hofy Door see age 87); and is received by the Bish@s in the ho y Sanctna)y, before tkr Ho y Altar. And he sfrarghtway kneeleth h w n on both knees, in the mziAFt of

the Bishops. And they take the book of the Holy Gos els, and @min if,fkcy &ty

it, with fhe wrz'fing hwnward, ujon his head, ho ding i f here anf i b . (14) T k n the Presiding B k h @ saith, so that a f f may hear:

By the election and approbation of the most God-loving Bishops, and of all the consecrated Council,

The grace divine, which always healeth that which is infirm, and

completeth that which is wanting, through the laying-on of hands elevateth thee, the most God-loving Archimandrite (or Hiero-Monk) N., duly elected, to be the Bishop of the God-saved cities, NN. Wherefore let us pray for him, that the grace of the all-holy Spirit may come upon him. A n d a Pricst saith :

Let us pray to the Lord. (Thnie.) And while the B i s h e s hold the book o the Holy Gospels, the Presidin Bis* nxaketh three rrosscs above W him who is being r o n s ~ a t e ~ b I c s s t k g Aim :

In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. And while fhc Bishops lay fhcir n k h t h a n d upon his head, the Presiding Birhqb saifh this Prnyer :

0 Master, Lord our God, who through thine all-laudable Apostle Paul hast established for us an ordinance of degrees and ranks, unto the service and divine celebration of thine august and all-spotless Mysteries upon thy holy Altar ; first, Apostles, secondly, Prophets, thirdly, teachers: Do thou, the same Lord of all, who also hast graciously

ORDER OF ELECTING AND CONSECRATING A BISHOP 331

enabled this chosen person to come under the yoke of the Gospel and the dignity of a Bishop through the laying-on of hands of us, his fellow Bishops here present, strengthen him by the inspiration and power and grace of thy Holy Spirit, as thou didst strengthen thy holy Apostles and Prophets ; as thou didst anoint Kings ; as thou hast consecrated Bishops : And make his Bishopric to be blameless ; and adorning him with all dignity, present thou him holy, that he may be worthy to ask those things which are for the salvation of the people, ant1 that thou mayest give ear unto him. For blessed is thy Name, and glorified thy Kingdom, of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen,

And nfter the Amen, one of the other consecratin~Bishops recitetk thefollowing petitions in a Cow v o k , so that only the Prelates there present can hear and re.@ond:

In peace, let us pray to the Lord. Lord, have mercy. For the peace that is from above, and for the salvation of our souls : I$ For the peace of the whole world; for the welfare of

God's holy Churches, and for the union of them all : @ For the Most Holy Governing Synod, their holiness, suc-cour, maintenance, peace, health and salvation, and for the $ ~h work of their hands : I$ "u For the servant of God, N., now ordained to be a Bishop, ,,r

and for his salvation : @

That our God who loveth mankind will grant him to exercise his episcopal office without stain or blame : I$ For our most God-fear~ngSovereign Lord, N., the Em- g

peror of All the Russias; and for all the Reigning Ilouse ; and for all their Council and their Army and Navy : @ For this city, and for every city, and for all those who entreat of God aid and protection : @ That he will deliver us from all tribulation, wrath, peril and necessity ; @ Succour us, save us, have mercy upon us, and keep us, 0 God, by thy grace. Lord, have mercy. Calling to remembrance our most holy, undefiled, most blessed and glorious Lady, the Birth-giver of God and ever-virgin Mary, with all

the Saints, let us commend ourselves, and each other, and all our life

unto Christ our God. To thee, 0 Lord.

A n d wken the- things have been said, the Prcsidinx Bishop, who also hath h k hand ujon the head of him who is receiving Ordirration,p r y c t h thus :

0 Lord our God, who, forasmuch as it is impossible for the nature of

332 ORDER O F ELECTING A N D CONSECRATING A BISHOP

man to endure the Essence of the Godhead, in thy providence bast instituted for us teachers of like nature with ourselves, who maintain thine Altar, that they may offer unto thee sacrifice and oblation for all thy people; Do thou, the same Lord, make this man also, who hath been proclaimed a steward of the episcopal grace, to be an imitator of thee, the true Shepherd, who didst lay down thy life for thy sheep ; to be a leader of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, a reprover of the unwise, a teacher of the young, a lamp to the world: that, having perfected the souls entrusted unto him in this present life, he may stand unashamed before thy throne, and receive the great reward which thou hast prepared for those who have contended valiantly for

the preaching of thy Gospel.

For thine it is to show mercy, and to save us, 0 our God, and unto thee do we ascribe glory, to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. A n d after the Amen they lay the book o f f h e Holy GosjeLr ujon the Altar. A d the Presiding Bishop f h m jutteth the da/rnatic (sdkkos) and the o h r e@cojai vestments ujon him who hafh received Consecration, saying:

Axios ! ( I 5) A n d the Choir singcih the same. Then the Bishops kiss him who h t h received consecration; and whoa the cnstonrary thanks ivin s have been said, the Presiding Rixhop jroclainutb t h Peace bflore fhe f#irtg. And fhe Bithopsgo b the e)iscOpal seats i n Ul a#se, and sit there. A n d thr celebration of f.4e Divine Liiurgy is continued A n d when it isjinished, they unvest in the holy Sanchra and lead the new& consecrnted Bishop to the Presidin Bishoj, who juttrtx'ujon him the masor~k . f a Birhqb; also the #ectorai h o f image, the rnant/e and cowl, bkssing Aim with his hand as he aW.4 i t ; andlhgiveth him the rosaty. Then the Bubgr comeforth from the Sanctuary, and ascend the &is (kdthedra)w h d hafh been

#rc#arcd; and the Arch)riest and the Proto-Deacon lead him who Aath recei71cd L'onsccration ujon the &is ;and the Presiding Bisho9 riclivcrtth to him thc#artoraZ staf(#dsokh), with an EXHORTATION.

Right Reverend Bishop N. : . . . Or, when the l?is@drlivereth the stalp; kc useth this bricf Erkortation :

Receive thou the pastoral staff, that thou mayest feed the flock of Christ entrusted unto thee: and be thou a staff and support unto those who are obedient. But lead thou the disobedient and the wayward unto correction, unto gentleness, and unto obedience ; and they shall continue in due submission. 7Xen they @art to their nbodrs, the Archjricst and tk PreteDeacon cscwnirg fhe newly-orahined Bishq5 to his h o w .

(THE ORDER FOR T H E VISITATION OF T H E SICK)

A smull tabk is prc#arcd, upon whkh r j set a 7~cssrlcontaining wheat: and on

the wheat an em#ty shrine-lamp. And round about are set seven w a d ,

wraj#ed with cotton jbr the Anointin and thrust into the wheat :and the book of the Holy Go els lir* tkrr a% :and t a p l l l ( z j are 'ven to all W Pn'rsts. These stan round about the t d e vcslcn in their kgsublcs. Then fhc jirst Pri2st taktth a censer with incense therein, and ccnseth round about

the table of the Holy C)il find thr whole church or house: and taking his stand

befort the table, with his f w to the east, he bepnneth :

Blessed is our God always, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Chit: Amen. And we begin :

0 Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal One, have mercy upon us. ( T h k e . ) Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. 0 all-holy Trinity, have mercy upon us. 0 Lord, yash away our sins 0 Master, pardon our transgressions. 0 Holy One, visit and heal our infirmities, for thy Name's sake. Lord, have mercy. (Thrice.) Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation ; But

deliver us from the Evil One : P ~ e s t .For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, of

the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages.

Choir. Amen. Lord, have mercy. (Twelve times.) 0 come, let us worship God our King. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before Christ, our King and our God. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before the Very Christ, our King and our God. (Three rcvcre~ces.) See Appendix B. IX (I).

THE OFFICE OF HOLY UNCTION

the enemy hath persecuted my soul ; he hath smitten my life down to

the ground ; he hath laid me in the darkness, as the men that have been

long dead. Therefore is my spirit vexed within me; and my heart within me is desolate. Yet do I remember the time past; I muse upon all thy works ; yea, I exercise myseif in the works of thy hands. I stretch forth my hands unto thee; my soul gaspeth unto thee as a thirstyland. Hear me, 0 Lord, and that soon ; for my spirit waxeth faint : hide not thy face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. 0 let me hear thy loving-kindness betimes in the morning; for in thee is my trust; show thou me the way that I should walk in; for I lift up my soul unto thee. Deliver me, 0 Lord, from mine enemies; for I flee unto thee to hide me. Teach me to do the thing that pleaseth thee; for thou art my God ; let thy loving Spirit lead me forth into the land

of righteousness. Quicken me, 0 Lord, for thy Name's sake ; and for thy righteousness' sake bring my soul out of trouble. And of thy goodness slay mine enemies, and destroy all them that vex my soul ; for I am thy servant. Glory . . now, and ever, . . . Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia ; glory to thee, 0 Lord. (Thnie.)

Again, yet again, in peace let us pray to the Lord. C h i c Lord, have mercy. Succour us, save us, have mercy upon us, and keep us, 0 God, by thy grace. Choir. Lord, have mercy. Calling to remembrance our most holy, undefiled, most blessed and glorious Lady, the Birth-giver of God and ever-virgin Mary,'with all the Saints, let us commend ourselves, and each other, and all our life unto Christ our God. Choir. To thee, 0 Lord. Pn'est. For unto thee are due all glory, honour and worship, to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. Amen. And imnrcdiafcfy Alleluia, in Tone VI.,is sung. Verse (Stikh) I : 0 Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither

chasten me in thy sore displeasure. Verse 2 : Have mercy upon me, 0 Lord, for I am weak. Then fke Hymns ( Troparf):

Have mercy upon us, 0 Lord, have mercy upon us. For we sinners,

THE OFFICE OF HOLY UNCTION

void of all defence, do offer unto thee this petition, as unto our Master: Have mercy upon us. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. Have mercy upon us, 0 Lord, for in thee have we trusted, and be not very wroth with us, neither' call thou to remembrance our iniquities; but look down even now upon us, inasmuch as thou art of tender compassion, and deliver us from our enemies ; for thou art our God, and we are thy people, we are all the work of thy hand, and we call upon thy Name. Now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Open unto us the door of thy loving-kindness, 0 blessed Birth-giver of God. I n that we set our hope on thee, may we not fail, but through thee may we be delivered from all adversities ; for thou art the salvation of all Christian people.

Have mercy upon me, 0 God, after thy great goodness ; according to the multityde of thy mercies do away mine offences. Wash me throughly from my wickedness, and cleanse me from my sin. For I acknowledge my faults, and my sin is ever before me. Against thee only have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight; that thou mightest be justified in thy saying, and clear when thou art judged. Behold, 1 was shapen in wickedness, and in sin hath my mother conceived me. But lo, thou requirest truth in the inward parts, and shalt make me to understand wisdom secretly. Thou shalt purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean ; thou shalt wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. Thou shalt make me hear of joy and gladness, that the bones which thou hast

broken may rejoice. Turn thy face from my sins, and put out all my misdeeds. Make me a clean heart, 0 God, and renew a right spirit within me. Cast me not away from thy presence, and take not thy holy Spirit from me. 0 give me the comfort of thy help again, and stablish me with thy free Spirit. Then shall 1 teach thy ways unto the wicked, and sinners shall be converted unto thee. Deliver me from blood-guiltiness, 0 God, thou that art 'the God of my health ; and my tongue shall sing of thy righteousness. Thou shalt open my lips, 0 Lord, and my mouth shall show thy praise. For thou desirest no sacrifice, else would I give it thee ; but thou delightest not in burnt-offerings. The sacrifice of God is a troubled spirit : a broken and contrite heart, 0 God, shalt

thou not despise. 0 be favourable and gracious unto Sion ; build thou

the walls of Jerusalem. Then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifice

of righteousness, with the burnt-offerings and oblations ; then shal; they offer young bullocks upon thine altar. A n d the CANON, of which the cross-acrostic is : The Prayer of the Oil, a Song of Arsenius.

Canticlc I., Tone /Y.

Thenre-Song ( h ~ ~ ~ bWhen s ) . Israel of old had passed through the

THE OFFICE O F HOLY U N C T I O N

Red Sea's abyss with foot unwet, through the cross-wise stretching forth of Moses' hands, they overthrew the host of Amalek in the wilderness. Hymns (Tropari). 0 Master, who ever makest glad the souls, and likewise also the bodies of mortal men, with the oil of loving-kindness, and preservest also thy faithful by oil: Show compassion also unto those who now draw near unto thee through the Oil.

The whole earth is full of thy mercy, 0 Master: Wherefore we, in

faith, do beseech thee, that thou wilt bestow upon us, who to-day shall be anointed with thy divine and precious Oil, thy mercy which passeth understanding. Glory . . . 0 thou who lovest mankind, who through thine Apostles didst mercifully give us a command to perform Holy Unction upon thy sick scrvants : Do thou, through the prayers of the same, have mercy upon us all, by thy seal. Now, and ever, . . . Hymn to thc Birth-giver of God (Bogorbditchen). 0 only Pure One, who didst give birth to the fathomless Abyss of Peace : By thine unceasing prayers unto God deliver thou thy servant from infirmities and afflictions ; that he (she) may unceasingly magnify thee. Canticle //I.

Theme-Song (limbs). The Church rejoiceth in thee, 0 Christ, crying : Thou art my fortress, 0 Lord, my refuge and my strength. Hymns (Tropad). Thou who alone art wonderful and merciful unto faithful men: Grant thy grace from on high unto thy servant who lieth in sore sickness, 0 Christ. 0 Lord, who once didst show forth an olive-branch unto the abating of the Flood, through thy divine command : Save the sufferer, through thy mercy. Glory . . . With the lamp of light divine, in thy mercy make bright, through this Unction, 0 Christ, him (hcr) who now, in faith, maketh haste to thy mercy. Now, and ever, . . . Nywn to the Birth-giver of God (Bogorddilckm). Graciously look down from heaven, 0 Mother of the Creator of aU men, and through

thy prayers dispel the sufferer's bitter pangs. Sifting-Hymn ( S y e d l e n ) , in Tone V M . Thou art like a river divine of mercy, like a bottomless gulf of great loving-kindness, 0 Bountiful One. Show forth the god-like streams of thy mercy, and heal all men. Pour forth abundantly floods of wonders, and wash clean all men : For resorting ever unto thee, we fervently implore thy grace. Artother, in Tone IY: 0 Physician and Helper of the suffering, 0 Redeemer and. Saviour of the sick : Do thou, the same Master and Lord of all, grant healing unto thy sick servant. Show compassion, have

T H E O F F I C E O F HOLY UNCTION

mercy upon him (her) who hath grievously sinned. And deliver him (her), 0 Christ, from his (her) iniquities, that he (she) may glorify thy might divine. Canticle IV;

Theme-Song ( I m d s ) . The Church, beholding thee uplifted upon the Cross, 0 Sun of Righteousness, standeth in its stateliness, worthily crying : Glory to thy might, 0 Lord. Hymns ( 7 ~ o p i t r i ) .0 Saviour, who like unto chrism incorruptible dost empty thyself utterlyain grace and purify the world : Show mercy and bounty, in god-like wise, upon the bodily wounds of him (her) who, with faith, is now about to receive Unction. Forasmuch as, with the tranquillity of thy mercy's seal, thou hast now signed the senses of thy servant, 0 Master, make inaccessible, impenetrable the entrance of all adverse powers. Glory . . . Thou who bast commanded the ailing to summon thine inspired ministers, and to procure salvation through prayers, and the anointing

with thy holy Oil by the same: Save the sufferer by thy mercy, 0 thou who lovest mankind. Now, and ever, . . . Hymn to the Birth-giver of God (Bogorbditchen). 0 Birth-giver of God, ever-virgin, all-pure, steadfast Refuge and Fortress, Haven and Wall, Ladder and battlemented Bulwark : Have mercy and show compassion upon this sick person ; for unto thee alone hath he (she)fled for refuge. Canficlc K

Theme-Song ( I m b s ) . Thou art come, 0 my Lord, for a light to the world, a holy light, which turneth from the darkness of ignorance those who with faith sing praises unto thee. Hymtts (Trojari). 0 Good One, who art a great deep of mercy; through thy mercy divine, 0 Merciful One, show thou mercy upon this sufferer : For thou art tender of heart. 0 Christ who, in wise ineffable, hast sanctified both our souls and bodies from on high, by the divine impress of thy seal : Heal us all by thy hand. Glory . . . 0 Lord, exceeding good, who, through thine unspeakable love, didst. accept anointing with precious ointment at the hands of the woman who was a sinner : Have compassion upon thy servant. Now, and ever, . . .

Hymn to the Birth-,pz,er of God (Bogordditchen). 0 all-lauded, pure, exceeding gracious Birth-giver of God, have mercy upon those who are now to be anointed with the Oildivine : and save thy servant. Canticle V%

Theme-Song(1mrbs). I will sacrifice unto thee with the voice of thanks-

THE OFFICE OF HOLY UNCTION

giving, 0 Lord, the Church crieth aloud unto thee, in that s h e hath purified herself from the blood of demons by the blood which for the sake of mercy flowed from thy side. Hymns (Trofari). 0 thou who lovest mankind, who didst institute anointment for kings by thy words, and by the hands of High Priests didst accomplish the same : Save also this sufferer by thy seal ; f o r a s much as thou art of great loving-kindness. Let no interposition of malignant demons, 0 Saviour,'touch the senses of him (her) who is marked with thine anointing divine; but hedge him (her) -. about with the bulwark of thy glory. Glory . . Stretch forth thy hand from on high, 0 thqu who lovest mankind, and having sanctified thine Oil, bestow it, 0 Saviour, on thy servant,

unto healing, and unto release from all his (Irer) ills. Now, and ever, . . Hymn to the Birth-giver of God (Bogor6ditcltcn). Thou hast manifested thyself a fruitEul olive-tree, in the abode of thy God, 0 Motber of the Creator, and thereby the world is seen to be filled with mercy. And thereby, also, thou dost save the sensibility of thy sufferer by thy

prayers. Cbllrct-Hymn (Konddk), itr Tone I(. 0 Fountain of mercy, who art exceeding good : Deliver thou from every adversity these persons who, with fervent faith, adore thy mercy unspeakable, 0 Tenderly-compassionate One ; and taking away their maladies, vouchsafe thou unto them grace divine from on high.

Ca~zticiclcVII.

Theme-Song ( I m d s ) . T h e Abrahamic Children in the Persian furnace, fired rather by love of godliness than by the flame, cried aloud : Blessed art thou, 0 Lord, in the tabernacle of thy glory. Hymns (Troparf). Thou who in thy mercies and compassions, 0 Saviour and only God, dost heal both the passions of the soul and tbe bodily afflictions of all men : Do thou, the same God, restore this person who suffereth from bodily infirmities, and heal thou him (her). When the heads of all men are anointed with the oil of Unction, vouchsafe thou the joy of gladness unto this person, who seeketh the mercy of thy redemption, 0 Christ, bestowing the riches of thy grace, 0 Lord. Glory . . . Thy seal is a sword against demons, 0 Saviour, a fire that consumeth

the passions of the soul, through the prayers of priests. Wherefore, we

who have received healing, in faith, do sing praises unto thee. Now, and ever, . . Hyrnrz to the Birth-giver of God (Bogodditchen). 0 Mother of God, who within thy womb, in god-like wise didst hold, and ineffably didst incarnate him who holdeth all things in the hollow of his hand, mercifully assuage the pangs of this sufferer, we beseech thee.

THE OFFICE OF HOLY UNCTION

Canticle YIII.

Theme-Song ( I m d s ) . Daniel stretched forth his hand, and stopped

the gaping mouths of the lions in the pit. And the Holy Children,

zealous in piety, girding themselves with virtue, quenched the raging fire, a s they cried : 0 all ye works of the Lord, bless ye the Lord. Hymns (Troparf). Thou showest mercy on all men, 0 Saviour, because of thy mercy infinite and divine : For which cause all we have assembled ourselves together, mystically representing the worship of thy bounties, and have brought in faith the anointing with the holy Oil unto thy servant : whom also do thou visit. By the streams of thy mercy, 0 Christ, and through anointing by thy priests, wash away, in that thou art full of loving-kindness, 0 Lord, the pains and hurts, and the sudden assaults of suffering of him (her) who is tormented by the violence of passions ; that he (she) may glorify

thee with thanksgiving, in that he (she) hath been saved Glory . . . Forasmuch as thy mercy divine hath been decreed to us from on high, 0 Master, as a token of condescension and of tranquillity : Take not away thy mercy, neither despise thou him (her) who, with faith, continually doth cry unto thee: 0 all ye works of the Lord, bless ye the Lord. Now, and ever, . . . Hymn to the Birth-giver of God (Bogordditchn). Nature accepted thy divine birth-giving, 0 Pure One, as a crown exceeding glorious, which crushed the hosts of the adversary, and conquered their dominion. Wherefore, crowned with the joyful radiance of thy grace, we sing

Blessed is our God always, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Reader. 0 heavenly King, . . . 0 Holy God, Holy Mighty, . . . Our Father, . . . Lord, have mercy. (Twelve times.) Glory . . . now, and ever, . . . 0 come, let us worship . . . ( Ihricc.) (See page 5 I 2.)

the pit. 0 let me hear thy loving-kindness betimes in the morning;

for in thee is my trust: show thou me the way that I should walk i n ; for I lift up my soul unto thee. Deliver me, 0 Lord, from mine enemies; for I flee unto thee to hide me. Teach me to do the thing that pleaseth thee ; for thou art my God : let thy loving Spirit lead me forth into she land of righteousness. Quicken me, 0 Lord, for thy Name's sake; and for thy righteousness' sake bring my soul out of trouble. And of thy goodness slay mine enemies, and destroy all them that vex my soul ; for I am thy servant. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia Glory to thee, 0 God. (Thrice.) A n d the Deacon, ry there be one, o r the PricJt himself; rcaa2tA t k L i m y :

In peace let us pray to the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. (Seepage 80.)

THE RITE OF BLESSING FOR A JOURNEY

And ;As rest, as far as:

For those who travel by sea or by land ; for the sick and the suffering; for those who are in captivity, and for their salvation : & That he will show mercy upon his s e ~ a n t ( s )and

pardon him (her, thrm) every sin, both voluntary and involuntary, and bless his (her, their) journey : & 2" That he will send him (her, them) an Angel of Peace, as fellow- 3' E traveller and guide, to guard, defend and succour him (her, them), r w and preserve him (her, them) unharmed of every evil assault : & 0 2 That he will shield him (htr, them) from all attacks and assaults of enemies, and bring him (hcr, them) to his (her, their) journey's & 0, end and home again unharmed : & .

That he will give him (hrr, them) a sinless and peaceful journe 3 p and a prosperous return in health, and in all piety and honour: 34 That he will preserve him (her, them) unharm'ed and invincible $ a against all foes, both visible and invisible, and from the wrath of wicked men : @ That he will bless his ( k r , their) good in tent ion, and prosper it, through his grace, unto spiritual and bodily profit: &

US, save us, have mercy upon us, and keep us, 0 God, by thy graceChoir. Lord, have mercy. Calling to remembrance our most holy, undefiled, most blessed and glorious Lady, the Birth-giver of God and ever-virgin Mary, with all the Saints, let us commend ourselves, and each other, and all our life unto Christ our God. CAoix To thee, 0 Lord.

For unto thee are due all glory, honour and worship, to the Father,and t o the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. Amen. T h : God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us. Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord. (Tone I1 A d th Verses. Seepage 5 I 5.) A d this Hymn ( Trq4dr).

0 Christ, who art the Way and the Truth, send now thine Angel as a fellow-traveller to thy servant(s), preserving him (ker, tlrcnz) like Tobias of old, and guarding him (her, them) unharmed of every evil thing, and in all prosperity, unto thy glory : through the prayers of the Birth-giver of God, 0 thou who alone lovest mankind. In the same Tone.

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. 0 Saviour, who didst accompany Luke and Cleopas unto Emmaus, accompany thou now also thy servant who is (seraants who are) minded

THE RITE OF BLESSING FOR A JOURNEY

to travel, delivering him (key, t h m ) from every evil assault: For thou canst do all things whatsoever thou wilt, in that thou lovest mankind. Now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. 0 Protection of Christians that maketh not ashamed, 0 Mediatrix never-failing with the Creator : . . . (Seepage 52 I .) Deacon. Let us attend. Pnest. Peace be with you all. Deaxon. Wisdom ! Let us attend.

Teach me thy way, 0 Lord, and I will walk therein, for unto thee have I lifted up my soul. Verse: Deliver me from mine enemies, 0 Lord ; unto thee have I fled for refuge.

The Epistle: Acts u k . 26-39. And in those days the Angel of the

Lord spake unto Philip, saying, Arise, and go toward the south, unto the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza, which is a desert. And he arose and went : and, behold, a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch of great authority under Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem for t o worship, was returning; and sitting in his chariot, read Esaias the prophet. Then

the Spirit said unto Philip, Go near, and join thyself to this chariot.

And Philip ran thither to him, and heard him read the prophet Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest ? And he said, How can I, except some man should guide m e ? And h e desired Philip that he would come up and sit with him. T h e place of the scripture which he read was this, H e was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and like a lamb dumb before his shearer, so opened he not his mouth : in his humiliation his judgment was taken away : and who shall declare his generation ? for his life is taken from the earth. And the eunuch answered Philip, and said, I pray thee, of whom speaketh the prophet this ? of himself, or of some other man? Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the

same scripture, and preached unto him Jesus. And as they went on their way, they came unto a certain water : and the eunuch said, See, here is water ; what doth hinder me to be baptized ? And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God. A n d he commanded the chariot to stand still : and they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch ; and he baptized him. And when they were come up out of the water the Spirit of the Lord caught away Philip, that the eunuch saw him no more; and he went on his way rejoicing. Alleluia. (According to the Tone.) Verse I : The footsteps of a man are guided by the Lord: h e bath

longed greatly for his ways.

THE RITE OF BLESSING FOR A JOURNEY

Verse 2 : Reveal thy path unto the Lord, and trust in him, and he shall bring it to pass. Dracon. Wisdom, 0 believers! Let us listen to the Holy Gospel. Priest. Peace be with you all. Choir. And with thy spirit. Deacow. T h e Lesson from the holy Gospel according to John. Choir. Glory t o thee, 0 Lord ; glory t o thee. Priest. L e t us attend. (John xiv. 1-20). T h e Lord said unto his disciples : Let not your heart be troubled : ye believe in God, believe also in me. In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself ; that where I am, there ye may be also. And whither I go ye know, and the way ye

know. Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest, and how can we know the way ? Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, and

the truth, and the life : no man cometh unto the Father, but by me. If

ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also : and from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us. Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip ? h e that hath seen me hath seen the Father ; and how sayest thou then, Show us the Father? Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me ? And n f t n the Go@clthe Deacon or the Priest saitk this Litany (EktCnia). 0 Lord, who dost guide the footsteps of man, graciously look upon thy servant, N. (servants, NN.); and pardoning him (her, them) every sin, both voluntary and involuntary, bless the good intention

of his (hcr, their) counsel, and guide his (her, their) goings out and comings in on the journey, we earnestly pray: hearken, and have mercy. &. 0 Lord, who didst most gloriously deliver Joseph from the wrath of his brethren, and didst lead him to Egypt, and through the blessing of thy goodness didst make him to prosper in all things: Bless also this thy servant (thcse thy servants) who purposeth (putpose) t o travel, and cause his (her, their) journey to be tranquil and prosperous, we pray thee: hearken, and have mercy. & 0 thou who didst send an Angel as companion on their way unto Isaac and Tobias, and thereby didst ensure unto them a peaceful and prosperous journey, and return: Send now also, 0 Most Gracious One, thine Angel of Peace unto thy servant who through us

entreateth (servants who entreat) thee, that he may guide him (her, them) unto every good deed; .and deliver him (her, them from enemies both visible and invisible, and from every evil assau t ; and enable him (her, them) to return in safety, peace and prosperity,

T H E RITE OF BLESSING FOR A JOURNEY

unto thy glory, we earnestly pray thee : hearken and have mercy. I) 0 thou who didst accompany Luke and Cleopas on the way to Emmaus, and didst make them to return rejoicing unto Jerusalem through that most glorious knowledge of thee: Accompany thou now also, with thy grace and thy blessing divine, this thy servant who earnestly prayeth (thcss thy servants who earnestly pray) with us ; and prosper him (her, them) in every good work, to the glory of thine all-holy Name, preserving him (her, them) in health and wellbeing, and bringing him (her, them) back again in due season, we pray unto thee, as unto an all-bountiful benefactor : hearken, and have mercy. I$

And U e Priest edairnefh: Hear us, 0 God our Saviour, . . (See page 517.)

Deacon. Bowing our heads and our knees devoutly unto the Lord, let us pray to the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. ( Thrice.) And all & d i n g ,the Pn'rsf fumcth toward f&cm ;a d t h Holy Door being qkn, he rea&fA, in a loud voicr, this Prayer :

0 Lord Jesus Christ our God, the true and living Way, who didst deign to journey with thine ostensible father Joseph, and thine Allpure Virgin Mother, into Egypt, and didst accompany Luke and Cleopas on their way to Emmaus : We now humbly entreat thee, 0 all-holy Master, accompany now with thy grace this thy servant (t/lese thy snvatlrs). And send unto him (hn; them), as unto thy servant Tobias, an angel guardian and guide, preserving and delivering him (her, them) from every evil assault of enemies both visible and invisible ; and directing him (her, them) unto the fulfilment of thy commandments; and prospering him ( b r , thmm) in peace, happiness and health; and bringing him (her, them) back again in safety and tranquillity. And grant

that he (she, they) may fulfil all his (her, their) good purpose unto thy good pleasure, and favourably to thy glory. For thine it is to show mercy and to save us, and unto thee do we ascribe glory, together with thy Father who hath no beginning, and thine all-holy, and blessed, and lifegiving Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. Amen. Then the P n k f , fahing the holy cross, givefh it to Aim (her, them) to kiss, and Jprinklrfh him with holy water, saying:

May the Lord bless thee (you) out of Zion ; and so shalt thou (shall ye) behold the good things of Jerusalem all the days of thy (yorrr) life: and may he direct thy (your) journey in peace, unto the glory of his holy Name. Amen. And imrnediafcly he pronolrnceth the cWomnry Benedittwn for tkc b y .

THE R I T E O F BLESSING THOSE WHO ARE

ABOUT T O TRAVEL BY WATER

The Pricst, vested in his stole and chasuble, bcginncth as usual:

Blessed is our God always, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. Amen. Reader. 0 heavenly King, . . (See page 5 I 2 . ) 0 Holy God, Holy Mighty, . . . Glory . . . now, and ever, . . . Our Father, . . . For thine is the kingdom, . . . Lord, have mercy. ( Twelve times.) Glory . . . now, and ever. 0 come, let us worship Christ our King. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before Christ, our King and our God. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before the Very Christ, our King and our God.

1 will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. My help cometh even from the Lord, who hath made heaven and earth. H e will not suffer thy foot to be moved, and he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. The Lord himself is thy keeper: the Lord is thy defence upon thy right hand : so that the sun shall not burn thee by day, neither the moon by night. The Lord shall preserve thee from all evil ; ye+ it is even he that shall keep thy soul. The Lord shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in, from this time forth, even forevermore. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Glory to thee, 0 God. (Thm'cc.)

In peace let us pray to the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. (Seepage 80.) And the rest, asfar as:

For those who travel by sea or by land ; for the sick and the suffering ; for those who are in captivity, and for their salvation: let us pray to the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. That he will be merciful, and condescending, and easy to be entreated toward his servant, who now, through us, maketh his (hey) (sewanis w h now make their) earnest supplications unto him ; and pardoning all his

RITE O F BLESSING T H O S E ABOUT TO TRAVEL BY WATER

(her, their) sins, both voluntary and involuntary, will bless his (her, their) voyage on the sea : I$ That, in that he is merciful, he will lull the tempest, restrain

the winds, and will grant unto him (her, them), as unto his

Apostles of old, tranquil seas for a voyage undisturbed: I$ That he will send him (her, them) his Guardian Angel to guide 9 him (her, thetn), and to shield him (/MY, thcm) from foes both $= visible and invisible, and to deliver him (hey, them) from drowning in the watery tempest : & That he will bring him (her, them) over in peace and safety, and ;tu conduct him (her, them) back again in health and tranquillity : B & g That he will bless the purpose of his (her, their) counsel and ru his (her, their) deeds, unto expedient fulfilment of the same, to

the glory of his all-holy Name, and to his (her, their) spiritual 3 P

and bodily profit : I$ That by the might of his grace he will deliver him (kn,i/-) from all calamities and distress, both of soul and of body ; and from sickness, and from sudden death, and from all mortal wounds : and that he will graciously grant him (hey, them), in due season, restoration to his (her) home (their F r m s ) , in health and safety : I$ Succour us, save us, have mercy upon us, and keep us, 0 God, by thy grace. Choir. Lord, have mercy. Calling to remembrance our most holy, undefiled, most blessed and glorious Lady, the Birth-giver of God and ever-virgin Mary, with all the Saints, let us oommend ourselves, and each other, and all our life unto Christ our God. Choir. T o thee, 0 Lord.

For unto thee are due all glory, honour and worship, to t h e Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. Amen. Then: God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us. Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord. (Tone I / . ) (And the rest. See p a p 5 r 5.) And the folZowrirg H y m n s ( T q b a r i ):

Despise not, 0 Saviour, those who have recourse unto thee, and who seek from thine omnipotent right hand, as from their Creator and their Master, both aid and blessing. But forasmuch as of old thou didst, by thy word, give unto thine Apostles tranquillity upon the sea, in like manner give thou now also unto this person (thesepersons) a calm and untroubled voyage, and good health : through the prayers of the Birthgiver of God, 0 thou who alone lovest mankind.

R I T E OF BLESSING T H O S E ABOUT TO TRAVEL BY WATER 531

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. (Tone Y;) Seeing that he (she) bath set his (her) (they have set their) hope on thee, 0 Saviour, be thou his (her, their) helper and deliverer: and bless

the good purpose of his (her, their) deed, as also his (key, their) journey;

that we all may glorify thee, the sole Giver of all good things. Now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. W e flee unto thy-protection, 0 Virgin Birth-giver of God. Despise not thou our prayers in affliction, but from distress deliver us, 0 only Pure and Blessed One. Deacon. Let us attend. P n i s f . Peace be with you all. Choir. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Wisdom ! Let us attend. Reader. The Gradual (Prokimen) in the Fourth Tone. Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Verse : And thy mercy shall follow me all the days of my life. T h e Epistle, from the Acts of the Apostles. (Acts xri. 1-7.) And in those days it came to pass, that after we were

gotten from them, and had launched, we came with a straight course unto Coos, and on the day following unto Rhodes, and from thence to Patras. And finding a ship sailing over unto Phenicia, we went aboard, and set forth. Now when we had discovered Cyprus, we left: it on the left hand, and sailed unto Syria, and landed at Tyre : for there the ship was to unlade her burden. And finding disciples, we tarried there seven days: who said unto Paul by the Spirit, that he should not go up to Jerusalem. And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our way, and they all brought us on our way, with wives and children, till we were out of the city : and we kneeled down on the shore and prayed. And when we had taken our leave one of another, we took

ship; and they returned home again. And when we'had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day. Alleluia. (According to the Tone.) Verse I : Deliver me from them that hate me, and from the deep waters. Verse 2 : Let not the watery tempest drown me, neither let the deep swallow me up. Deacon. Wisdom, 0 believers ! Let us listen to the Holy GospeL Priest. Peace be with you all. Choir. And with thy spirit. Deacon. The Lesson from the holy Gospel according to Mark. Choir. Glory to thee, 0 Lord ; glory t o thee. Pricst. Let us attend. (Mark iv. 35-41.) The Lord said unto his disciples, Let us pass over

RITE OF BLESSING THOSE ABOUT TO TRAVEL BY WATER

unto the other side. And when they had sent away the multitude, they took him even as he was in the ship : and there were also with him other little ships. And there arose a great storm of wind, and the waves beat into the ship, so that it was now full. And he was in the hinder part of

the ship, asleep on a pillow: and they awake him, and say unto him,

Master, carest thou not that we perish ? And he arose, and rebuked

the wind, and said unto the sea, Peace, be still. And the wind ceased,

and there was a great calm. And he said unto them, Why a r e ye so fearful ? how is it that ye have no faith ? And they feared exceedingly, and said one to another, What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him ? Choir. Glory to thee, 0 Lord ; glory to thee. Then the Prirst o r the Deacon saifh the Augmented Litany.

Have mercy upon us, 0 God, according to thy great mercy, we beseech thee : hearken, and have merc . Choir. Lord, have mercy. {~hnke.) A n d the rcst (seepage go). TOthis he aaWctA : Do thou, who once didst rebuke the winds and the sea, and unto

the ship tossed by the waves didst give calm by thy word; and didst

render thy disciples untroubled: Regard now, also, 0 Merciful One,

the prayers of thy servant who diligent1 worshippeth (sen~antsW/IO

diLigent(y worship) thee, and bless his h e r , tluir) voyage, granting unto him (her, them) a calm, peaceful and untroubled journey, we beseech thee : hearken, and have mercy. I$ 0 Saviour, who didst walk upon the water as upon dry land, and didst deliver Peter from drowning by thy right hand almighty: Deliver thou, 0 Lord, him (her) who in faith hath (those who in faith have) recourse unto thee, and is directing his (her) (arc directing their) steps to a journey, from all calamities and stormy winds; mercifully granting unto him (her; them) a favourable journey and restoration to his (her, their) home(s), we beseech thee, 0 allbountiful Lord : hearken, and have mercy. & Send thine Angel, 0 all-merciful Lord, to accompany him (her,

them) on the way, and to be the guardian of his (her) soul and body (their souls a n d bodies), preserving him (her, them), and sheltering him (her, them) from all enemies, both visible and invisible; and by thy might divine delivering him (her, them) from all tribulation, calamity and necessity, from sickness and from mortal wounds; and in due season restore thou him (her, them) again to bis (her) home (their homes) in safety: to the glory of thine all-holy Name, we beseech thee, 0 omnipotent Master: mercifully hearken, a n d have mercy. I$ And the Pnest makcth the Exclamation:

Hear us, 0 God, our Saviour, . . . (See page 5 I 7.)

RITE O F BLESSING THOSE ABOUT TO TRAVEL BY WATER 533

And the Deacon saith :

Bowing our knees and our heads devoutly unto the Lord, let us prky t o the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. (Thn'ce.) Then, as all kneel, the Priest, turninr to the west and standing at the &or of the Church, saith, in a loud voicr, this f'rayer :

0 Master, Lord Jesus Christ our God, who didst walk upon the waters as upon dry land, ant1 didst deign to have thy holy Disciples and Apostles' as thy fellow-voyagers in the ship; and didst rebuke the stormy wind, and command the waves of the sea to be still : Be pleased now also (we humbly entreat thee, 0 Saviour), to sail with this thy senrant (these thy servants) in this ship (or boat), allaying every contrary wind and tempest : And raise up special and timely winds for a prosperous voyage, being thyself ever unto him (her, them) a pilot, and a saving, untempestuous and tranquil haven unto the same, and unto his (her, their) ship (or boat). And as thou -didst save Peter from drowning, so also, in

sovereign wise, deliver thou this person (thesepersons) from all assaults of enemies, both visible and invisible, and from calamity, and distress, and fear, by thy right hand omnipotent: And graciously vouchsafe that h e (she, they) may return in peace to his (her) home (their homes) in health and happiness, having accomplished his (her, their) purpose and good undertaking, richly bestowing upon all his (her, their) deeds thy rich and inexhaustible grace, and preserving the vessel whole and unharmed. For thou art the Saviour, the Deliverer, and the rich Giver of all good things, both heavenly and earthly, and unto thee do we ascribe glory, to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and

ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. A m e n Tksn taking the ionourable cross, the Pn'cst @veth i t to the #crson(s) to kiss ;and Ar s#rinRleth the#e~son(s)wi%hh o e water, saying:

May the Lord bless thee (you) out of Zion ; and so shalt thou (shall y e ) behold the good things of Jerusalem all the days of thy (your) life : and may he direct thy (your) journey in peace, unto the glory of his holy Name Amen. And immediately ke#rom7mceth the usual Beneliictwnfor the day.

THE OFFICE O F THANKSGIVING AT THE

A f t n the Liturgy is m&d, the Deacon saiiA :

Bless, Master. Priest. Blessed is the kingdom of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. CAoir. Amen. Reader. 0 come, let us worship God our King. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before Christ, our King and our God. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before the Very Christ, our King and our God. 0 come, let us worship and fall down before him. (Three rcz~erences.) And PSALM

Thou, 0 God, art praised in Sion ; and unto thee shall the vow be performed in Jerusalem. Thou that hearest the prayer, unto thee shall all flesh come. My misdeeds prevail against me : 0 be thou merciful unto our sins. Blessed is the man whom thou choosest, and receivest unto thee: he shall dwell in thy court, and shall be satisfied with the pleasures of thy house, even of thy holy temple. Thou shalt show us wonderful things in thy righteousness, 0 God of our salvation ; thou that art the hope of the ends of the earth, and of them that remain in

the broad sea. Who in his strength setteth fast the mountains, and is

girded about with power. Who stilleth the raging of the sea, and the noise of his waves, and the madness of the people. They also that dwell in the uttermost parts of the earth shall be afraid at thy tokens, thou that makest the out-goings of the morning and evening to praise thee. Thou visitest the earth and blessest i t ; thou makest it very plenteous. The river of God is full of water : thou preparest their corn, for so thou providest for the earth. Thou waterest her furrows ; thou sendest rain into the little valleys thereof; thou makest it soft with the drops of rain, and blessest the increase of it. Thou crownest t h e year with thy goodness ; and thy clouds drop fatness. They shall drop upon

the dwellings of the wilderness, and the little hills shall rejoice on

every side. The folds shall be full of sheep ; the valleys also shall stand so thick with corn, that they shall laugh and sing. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Glory to thee, 0 God. (Thyice.) Then the Deacon saith the following Litany:

In peace let us pray to the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy.

T H E OFFICE O F T H A N K S G I V I N G A T T H E N E W YEAR

For the peace that is from above, and for the salvation of our souls : & For the peace of the whole world ; for the welfare of God's holy Churches, and for the union of them all : & For this holy Temple, and for those who with faith, devoutness, and in the fear of God have entered therein : Ijc For our Holy Synod ( o r Patriarch) ; for our Bishop ( o r Archbishop, o r Metropolitan), N. ; for the honourable Presbytery, the Diaconate in Christ ; for all the clergy and the laity : Ijc Ntrr follow~efifions for fhc Ru&r of thc Land and fm all the Altfhon'rics (Emperor, or King, and Reignin House, or President, according to the e&n e n h and nufionulificso/ whic fhr Purirh ir consfitufed).

That he will aid them in all things, and subdue under their feet 2 all heathen who are hateful unto Christ, and every foe and adver- " sary: & For this city, and for every city and land, and for those who with

faith dwell therein : Ijc That he will graciously accept this present thanksgiving and sup- 5 plication of us unworthy sinners on his most heavenly Altar, and in his compassion have mercy upon us : Ijc

That our prayers may be well-pleasing in his sight, and that he ';

will forgive us and all his people their transgressions, both voluntary and involuntary, which we have wickedly committed in the year p 8" that is past : Ijc That he will bless the beginning and continuance of this year F' with the grace of his love for mankind: and will grant unto us peaceful times and favourable temperatures, and that we may live without sin, in health and plenty: Ijc That he will turn aside from us his wrath, which hath been justly $ kindled against us because of our sins : B

That he will banish from us all souldestroying passions and cor- 3 rupting usages : and that he will implant in our hearts his divine fear, unto the fulfilment of his commandments : &

That he will renew a right spirit within us, and confirm us in the Orthodox faith ; and make us to be zealous in the performance of good deeds, and the fulfilment of all his commandments : & That he will overthrow all heresies and schisms, and everywhere plant right belief and piety, and convert all who have departed from

the true faith unto a knowledge of his truth, and unite them all

unto his holy Orthodox Church : Ijc That he will deliver his holy Church, and us all, from every tribulation, calamity, wrath and distress, and from all enemies, both visible and invisible; and that he will always hedge about his faithful people with health, long life and peace, and the host of his holy Angels : &

T H E OFFICE OF THANKSGIVING AT THE NEW YEAR

Succour us, save us, have mercy upon us and keep us, 0 God, by thy grace. Choir. Lord, have mercy. Calling to remembrance our most holy, undefiled, most blessed and glorious Lady, the Birth-giver of God and ever-virgin Mary, with all

the Saints, let us commend ourselves, and each other, and all our life

unto Christ our God. Choir. To thee, 0 Lord. Exclumation. Priest. For unto thee are due all glory, honour and worship, to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir. Amen. 7&.n: God is the Lord, and hath revealed himself unto us. Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord. Verse (Siikh) I : 0 give thanks unto the Lord, for he is gracious, because his mercy endureth forever. K.rse 2 : All the nations compassed me about, but in the Name of the Lord have I driven them back. Verse 3 : I shall not die but live, and declare the works of the Lord. 4 : The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become

the head of the corner. This is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous

in our eyes. And tkefollowing H y rntrs, in Tone I K : We, thine unworthy servants, 0 Lord, grateful for thy great benefits which thou hast showed upon us, glorifying thee do praise, bless, give thanks, sing and magnify thy loving-kindness, and cry aloud unto thee in humble submissivness: 0 our Benefactor and our Saviour, glory to thee. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. ( T m

111) 0 Master, who hast freely vouchsafed thy benefits and gifts unto thine unprofitable servants, zealously resorting unto thee. we offer unto thee thanksgiving according to our strength, and glorifying thee as our Benefactor and our Creator, we cry aloud : Glory to thee, 0 God most bountiful. Now, and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen. ( T o m 11.) 0 thou Author of all created things, who hast set the seasons and the years in thy power, bless thou the crown of the year with thy goodness, 0 Lord, preserving in peace the Emperor and thy city, through

the prayers of the Birth-giver of God ; and save us.

Deacon. Let us attend. Priest. Peace be with you all. Render. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Wisdom ! Let us attend.

T H E OFFICE OF THANKSGIVING AT THE NEW YEAR

Reader. The Gradual (Prokinen), in the Fourth Tone. I will sin

(3) When our Lord Jesus Christ revealed himself to the people assembled beside the Jordan, John the Baptist hailed him with joy and reverence. Therefore the Priest, or the Deacon, now solemnly makes proclamation, beholding, as it were, our Lord himself come to minister t o the world.

(4) During Fasts Alleluia is sung four times instead of: " God is

t h e Lord and hath revealed himself unto us." ( 5 ) Thereby reminding us of the time when the Holy Women bearing spices, and other Disciples of the Lord, came early to his sepulchre, even before the dawn, and there learning of our Saviour's Resurrection, imparted to his remaining Disciples the glad tidings. The incense typifies the sweet spices which the women brought to the tomb of the Lord; the taper typifies the light and joy of the glad tidings of the Resurrection, and the light of faith therein, and in our future life. T h e procession of t h e Priest about the Temple typifies the return of t h e Holy Women and the Disciples from the sepulchre of the Saviour, bringing the tidings to the remaing Disciples.

(6) I t is so called from the Greek words joli (much) and elea (oil

or mercy) ; because the lattei word- mercy - is frequently repeated i n these Psalms ; and from the lighting of the shrine-lamps filled with pure oil, while the Psalms are being sung.

(7) Our Lord Jesus Christ, after that he was risen from the dead,

speedily manifested himself to his Disciples. Wherefore the Church, by the reading of the Gospel after the Song of the Holy Women, announces to the People one of the ten Manifestations of the risen, Saviour to his Disciples. The appointed Gospels for Matins in their order will be found on p. xxi. All the eleven Lessons from the Gospels, appointed to be read in rotation, refer to the Resurrection of our Lord on the third day.

(8) While the Choir sings, the Priest and Deacon first salute the

Holy Gospels. And after them the people, in the presence of the Priest, as it were of the Angel-Messenger of the Resurrection, joyfully do homage to the Holy Rook, as to Christ himself, and kiss it, m that it contains the redeeming tidings of the Resurrection. (9)On Feast Days, the holy image of the Feast or of the Saint is saluted in token of devotion and gratitude to God for his mercy ; and

the Priest bestows the blessing, signing each one of the Faithful on the

brow, in the form of a cross (with the oil which has been blessed at

also used as the continuation and conclusion of the Hours (during the Great Fast), and of the Imperial Hours.

T H E LITURGY: ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, ST. BASIL, PONTIFICAL.

( I ) As the Sanctuary symbolically represents the kingdom of heaven, t h e drawing aside of the curtain during Divine Services typifies, in general, the revelation to mankind of the mysteries of salvation, which h a d been hidden from the foundation of the world and were revealed a t the incarnation of the Lord ; through whom, also, was revealed.unto men the kingdom of heaven, forfeited by our first parents. The openi n g of the Holy Door typifies, in general, the opening of the way to the 'places where the Saviour of the world abode, or of the gates of Paradise; and, sometimes, the entrance into the kingdom of heaven.

(2) They thus ask forgiveness for any offences which they may have

committed against their fellow-men ; and the Choirs and the People express their pardon by bowing in return.

(3) All this and the whole Office of Oblation are said while the

clergy are vesting, in a low voice, by the Priest, behind the imagescreen (iRottostds), which corresponds to the chancel-rail in the Western Church. At the point duly indicated, after the Priest and Deacon have vested themselves, the Reader (in front of the image-screen), begins t o read the Hours ; the Priest (behind the image-screen), making aloud t h e exclamations and benedictions, as shown in the Hours. (4) Five prosfoort are generally used in preparing the holy Communion, in commen~orationof the five loaves wherewith our Lord fed t h e five thousand people. But any one who wishes to have a living or a dead friend prayed for at the appointed place in the Liturgy, sends to

the Chapel of Oblation a similar prosford (an Altar-bread,-that

is, "an offering "), with the Christian name only of the person written on a paper, or in a book kept for that purpose. At the end of the Liturgy

the prosford is returned to the sender, a particle having been removed,

in token that the offering has been accepted. But the particles thus taken from these private offerings for the living and the dead do not form a part of the Communion, because they are not transubstantiated. T h e Emperor (or other Ruler) and the Reigning House, the Holy Synod and other persons in authority are prayed for here and at other

points in the service (which explains the frequent recurrence of those petitions), not only in their official capacity, but also as representing benefactors of the Church and the people in general. In the early Church people brought bread, wine, oil and the other things required for the sustentation of the Church and for the services, on behalf of themselves or of living friends, or as memorials of their dead friends ; and all such persons were prayed for, in detail, by name. With the growth of the Church this special mention of innumerable individuals became burdensome, and rendered the services oppressively long. Therefore the present abbreviated and representative form (the Rulers) was adopted.

(5) The Altar, which represents the tomb of Christ and the throne

of God, the holy pictures (ikdni-images), and the People are censed by the Deacon at the end of the Office of Oblation, in order that the Faithful may thereby be incited to a more fervent offering up of prayers.

The withdrawal of the curtain here typifies the revelation to the world

of the secrets of salvation, hidden from eternity.

(6) These words, and the briefer form, the " Eis poll4 eti, Ddspota,"

at Pontifical services, as well as the " Axios " and " Kyrie eleison " in the Ordination Offices, are retained in the original Greek as an acknowledgment of the Russian Church's drigin in and oneness with the Greek Church.

(7) This opening of the Holy Door signifies that the heavens were

opened at the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ, and a voice proceeding thence testified to him. The Little Entrance typifies the entrance of our Lord upon his work of preaching to the world, and his drawing near to men. The book of the Holy Gospels represents Christ our Lord, and the taper borne before it signifies that the teaching of the Gospels that is, our Lord himself - is the Light of the world. He who bears the taper represents John the Baptist. The censer, with its glowing embers, typifies the Divine Ember, Christ himself, the GodMan, who united himself to mortal flesh, and, burning with divine love towards the human race, did utterly consume himself upon the altar of the Cross, in the savour of a sweet fragrance unto the everlasting Father.

(8) The exclamation, "Wisdom, 0 believers ! " always has the object

of calling the people's attention to some especially edifying or sacred portions of the service. " Wisdom ! " points directly to this edlfying lesson, hymn or action.

(9) The Thrice-Holy is sung as follows: First the Choir sings the

whole hymn thrice. Then : Glory . . . now, and ever, . . . Holy Immortal One, have mercy upon us. Then the whole hymn, very slowly.

(10) This hymn is sung in the same manner as the preceding. It is

used at these Feasts because, in the early Church, converts to Christianity were chiefly baptized at these seasons. By its use at the present day, the holy Church reminds us that we are bound t o fulfil t h e vows made for us in Baptism.

(11) The Bishop takes his seat upon the "High Place," or Throne,

because he represents our Lord Jesus Christ.

(12) The 'Gradual (Prokimen), a verse which precedes the Lesson of

Scripture, is sung thus : The Reader reads it ; the Choir sings it. The Reader reads the Verse, or Verses, while the Choir repeats the Gradual proper. The Reader then reads the first half of the Gradual, and the Choir sings the last half.

(13) This censing of the Temple, in preparation for listening to the

reading of the Holy Gospel, draws the thoughts of the worshippers on high, and typifies the grace of the Holy Spirit, which is shed abroad in all the world, giving to the heart of man the savour of the sweetness of Christ (2 Cor. ii. 15). I t is also a sign of prayerful reverence and homage to the Holy Gospel, as a symbol of the Holy Spirit, which is bestowed upon the world through the Gospel.

(14) If there is to be a sermon, the Priest may preach it immediately

after the reading of the Gospel, or at the end of the Liturgy. (I 5 ) After this clear announcement of God's Word in Christ, it is meet and right that men should repeat their petitions, and pray to him 'with redoubled fervour for all things necessary both for their souls and bodies. Therefore it is ordered that the Litany of Fcruent Szrpplication shall now be said.

(16) The Catechumens in the early Church were not considered to

be sufficiently instructed to look upon the Holy Mysteries without incurring the danger of misunderstanding them.

(17) In the middle of the Cherubim& Hymn the Great Entrance is

made : that is to say, the Holy Gifts are brought from the Chapel (or Table) of Oblation to the Altar. In the days of the early Church, during this Great Entrance, all persons who had brought or sent offerings for the use of the Church were mentioned by name. 13ut as this detailed commemoration was extremely long and difficult, it was ordered that only the chief personages in rank and power should thereafter be mentioned by name ; all others being included under the honourable title of " all Orthodox Christians." If it be a Pontifical Liturgy, the Bishop washes his hands at this point, thus ceremonially purifying himself for the sacred office which he is about to exercise.

The Great Entrance typifies our Lord's going to his Passion and

death. Therefore it is customary for the Faithful to do homage to the Holy Gifts at this point, although these are not yet consecrated.

(18) In the early Church the Deacons, Sub-Deacons and Sacristans

were wont to guard the doors, that no heathen or unworthy person might enter in, and that no one should go out during the solemn celebration of the Holy Sacrament. At the present time, the words, "The Doors ! " warn us to guard the doors of our souls against all evil thoughts, as we prepare to confess our faith by the Creed, and to give heed to the Holy Mysteries.

(19) The Deacon here binds his stole about him in the form of a

cross, to represent the wings of the Cherubim, who stand about the throne of God ; as he himself represents an angel.

(20) The Greek letters : MC, XC ; NI, K A mean: Jeshs Christ the

(21) The sacred warm water represents the water which came forth

from the side of our Lord, with the Blood, showing that, although he was dead, his Body was not devoid of divine virtue; that is, the warmth and vitality of the Holy Spirit. The union of the Holy Elements is symbolical of our Lord's Resurrection.

(22) All persons, both Infants and Adults, are communicated alike ;

that is to say, with the mingled holy Body and Blood, by the sacred spoon. Infants receive the holy Communion by virtue of their having received holy Chrismation immediately following their Baptism, which holy Chrismation makes them full members of the Church. Until they reach the age of seven years they receive the holy Communion without the (otherwise) indispensable preface of the Sacrament of Confession.

(23) This represents the appearances of our Lord to his Disciples

after his Resurrection ; also his Ascension into heaven.

(24) The Antzddron (literally, " in place of the Gifts ") consists of

that part of the first Altar-bread which remains on the Table of Oblation after the Sacred Lamb has been taken therefrom to be consecrated. It came to be the custom to distribute this blessed bread from the following causes : First, it was given as a memorial of those Love-feasts which were held, in ancient times, immediately after the Divine Liturgy; and again, it was given to Christians in place of the Holy Gifts (as its name indicates), when they came fasting to the Liturgy, but had not prepared themselves, by reason of human frailty, to receive the holy Sacrament. Sometimes the last two breads are brought out (after the prescribed particles have been removed) at the end of the service, and

given to persons of distinction who may be present.

THE OFFICE OF T H E DIVINE LITURGY OF T H E PRESANCTIFIED (GIFTS).

I. At the Liturgy of the Presanctified (Gifts), t h m is no c m cration of the Sacred Elements, but those who desire to communicate receive the Holy Gifts which have been consecrated at a previous service. It is used only during the Great Fast (Lent), on W~dnesdaysand Fyiiinys; in the fifth week of Great Fast, on Thursday; and in Pnssion (Holy) Week, on Monday, Tfdesday and Wednesday. I t was instituted in the first ages of Christianity, but received its present form from Gregory the Great, Bishop of Rome in the sixth century. The Fathers of the Church regarded it as unbefitting the contrition of Lent that the full Liturgy (of St. John Chrysostom or of St

Basil the Great) should be celebrated. Therefore the complete Liturgy is allowed during the Great Fast only on Saturday, Sunday, the Feast of the Annunciation, and Holy Thursday. The Sacred Elements a r e consecrated at the Liturgy on those days, and thereafter are preserved in the tabernacle, on the holy Altar.

Prayers together with a portion of the ordinary Liturgy, omitting its most important part, namely, the consecration of the Holy Gifts ; and t h e Third, S k t h a n d Ninth Hours (with the Typical Psalms) are used in a particular manner at the beginning.

(2) The Mingya is a set of twelve volumes containing the s e ~ c e s

f o r every day in the year, with the proper Hymns for the Saints of the day, and so forth. In addition, there are the MinCya of the Feasts, and t h e Pentecostirion (with the services for Easter-tide) ; and the Triddion, which contains the services, day by day, for the Great Fast. (3) The Priest by his exclamation sets forth, as it were, that our forefathers the Prophets, from whose writings we have heard and shall hear Lessons, were illumined by the same light which still enlightens all men.

(4) As in the early Church there were always some among the C a t s

chumens who were soon to be baptized (illumined), that is to say, in Easter week, this special Litany was inserted for them in the Liturgy of the Presanctified (where alone it is used) after Mid-Fast,orthe Adoration of the Cross. But on Saturdays and Sundays, at the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, or of St. Basil the Great, it is not used. ( 5 ) At the Liturgyof the Presanctified Gifts, after theGrand Entrance, t h e curtain is, as a rule, not completely, but only half drawn ; because it is fully drawn at the full Liturgy after the Grand Entrance. The Entrance commemorates the Lord's going to his suffering, which is t h e inconceivable mystery of men's salvation, and had been hid from many ages and generations (Col. i. 26). At this time the Presanctified

Gifts are on the Altar,and the people (when the curtain is drawn aside), beholding the sacrifice offered for the sins of the world, with boldness call upon God, the heavenly Father, and say: "Our Father."

(6) At the Liturg of the Presanctified Gifts there is no elevation of

t h e Body of Christ ; ecause, as it represents the elevation of the Lord upon the Cross, it has already been made during the Liturgy at which

the Gifts were consecrated.

T H E RITE OF HOLY BAPTISM AND HOLY CHRISMATION.

( I ) It will be observed that this rite remains in -its ancient form; that is to say, as arranged for adults the Catechumens being all adults in the early Church.

The removal of the Catechumen's garment signifies the putting off

of the old man and of his sinful life, inasmuch as this Order is required only in the baptism of adults ; that is, of persons above seven years of age, who are received only after due examination and their own expressed desire to be baptized. With such, also, the procedure differs, according as they may be Jews, Mahometans, or members of some other non-Christian body ; in which case, each must specifically renounce the errors of his former belief. But the rite is alike for all Infants (that is, persons under seven years of age), whether they be of Orthodox or non-Orthodox parents ;and of them, through their Sponsor, only the third catechizing, to which the answer is the Symbol of the Faith (the Nicene Creed), is required.

Three tapers are lighted and placed upon the font itself to typify the Holy Trinity, in whose name Baptism is administered. The Sponsors also hold tapers, to signify their faith in the illumination which the Holy Mystery (Sacrament) confers upon the soul of the person bap tized: that the baptized person passes from darkness into light, and becomes a child of the light. For this reason, also, Baptism is called " Illumination."

The font typifies Noah's ark.

Holy Baptism is a Sacrament through which a man is born once only in spiritual birth ; therefore it is not repeated, if it has been regularly performed, through triple immersion, in the Name of the Father, and of the.Son, and of the Holy Spirit. If any doubt exists as to whether it has previously been performed or not, the formula "if not already baptized " must be interpolated. The rule is that it shall be administered in church ; but in case of necessity it may be administered in a private house. In extremity, a layman may baptize; and the Baptism is not repeated, though the Chrismation is afterwards performed, if the child live. Though immersion is prescribed, a child may be baptized by affusion in case of extreme weakness or mortal danger ; and those baptized by affusion in such cases

(or persons who have been so baptized in other Christian Churches, when they join the Eastern Catholic Church) are not rebaptized, but are only anointed with the holy Chrism. It is not customary for either father or mother to be present at the baptism ; though it is not forbidden for the father. Provided forty days have elapsed since the birth of the child, the mother is permitted to be present. For a man or boy, one sponsor (male) not younger than fifteen years of age is indispensable. For a woman or girl one female sponsor not younger than thirteen years of age is indispensable. T h e Church does not forbid other sponsors. The sponsor ought to be a member of the Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church of the East ; but if a member of another Church should, for any reason, stand sponsor, he (she) is required

to recite the Symbol of the Faith of the Orthodox Church. In such case a non-Orthodox man or woman may stand as additional sponsor.

(2) That is to say, endowed with reason and speech, in contradistinction to the dumb animals.

(3) From the west comes darkness; and Satan, who is darkness, and

whom the Catechumen must renounce, has his dominion there. The uplifted hands of the Catechumen indicate the realm of the evil spirits of the air. (4) The Catechumen turns his face to the east, because light proceeds thence. The white vestments and the lights typify spiritual joy in the illumination of the person through holy Baptism. ( 5 ) This is called "the oil of gladness " because the person baptized is thereby engrafted into the good olive-tree, Jesus Christ, having been, as it were, a branch wrested from a wild olive-tree. As the Lord sent t o the people in Noah's ark a twig of olive by a dove, in token of reconciliation and salvation, so the sign of the cross is made above the water with the oil, in token that the waters of baptism serve to reconcile man

with God, through the mercy of God therein manifested, and save from t h e taint of sin (Rom. xi. 17).

(6) Anointment with the holy Chrism (Chrismation) is a Sacrament

whereby the recipient, through the anointing of various parts of the body in the name of the Holy Spirit, receives the gifts of the Holy Spirit, to rear and strengthen him in the spiritual life, and to render him strong, firm and invincible in faith, in love and hope; in boldness, t h a t without fear he may confess before all men the name of Christ : that he may grow in all virtues, free himself from the Evil One and all his guile, and preserve his soul in purity and righteousness ( I John

ii. 20; 2 Cor. i. 2 1 , 22). After anointment with the holy Chrism the

child is a member of Christ's Church, and receives the holy Communion, without preliminary confession, until he reaches the age of seven years. Beginning with that age confession is obligatory.

(7) The circle typifies eternity. Therefore the triple circling of the

font with lighted tapers signifies that the newly baptized (illumined) person has entered into eternal union with Christ, the Light of the world. (8) The three Offices- (a) Prayers at the Reception of a Catechumen ; (b) Holy Baptism and Chrismation ; and (c) Ablution, which were formerly celebrated separately- are now commonly joined together in one service. In the early Church the Catechumen wore his robe of purity for eight days, which he spent in fasting and prayer. (9)T h e words of the Apostle ( I Cor. vi. I I). (10) The shearing of the hair signifies that the newly baptized person has dedicated himself to the service of God, and to obedience ; because the cutting of the hair has always been the symbol of submission and servitude. It is also symbolical of the scriptural offering of

the first-fruits.

THE RITE OF HOLY MATRIMONY.

( I ) Tapers are given to those who plight their troth and to bridal pairs to symbolize the purity of their lives, which shine with the light of virtue (John iii. 2-21).

The morning, immediately after the cele

bration of the Divine Liturgy, is regarded by the Church as the proper time for the solemnization of Marriage (although this time is not obligatory), in order that the bridal pair may receive this Sacrament fasting. The rite is not solemnized on all days of the year, but is forbidden during Fasts; on the Eves of Great Feasts; during Easter week; and on some other days.

(2) The rubric prescribes a gold ring for the man, to typify his

greater worth and authority ; and a silver ring for the woman, to typify her scriptural subjection to her husband, as the head of the wife. In modern practice the rings are, as a rule, both of gold ; and the bridal pair themselves make the prescribed exchange in the Russian Church, but not in the Greek Church.

(3) I t is customary, at the beginning of this Office, to lead the bridal

pair upon a piece of new, rose-coloured material (or a new rug), which is spread before the lectern. In olden days the Russian Tzars and thdr brides were led upon a piece of flowered silken material and sable skins (sometimes as many as forty in number), which were intended as emblems of happiness and plenty in the new path upon which they were entering. This is the significance in general.

(4) The crowns represent the honour and reward bestowed upon the

wedded pair for the purity of their lives. In Greece the crowns are woven of olive leaves (emblematic of fruitfulness), or of laurel, intertwined with flowers. Rut in Russia, metal crowns are kept in the churches. They are adorned with holy pictures (ikbni) ; that of our Lord Jesus Christ being upon the crown of the bridegroom, and that of his holy Mother upon that of the bride. (5) Wine is used in the Sacrament of Marriage, because at the marriage in Cana of Galilee, which our Lord blessed with his presence, the water converted into wine by a miracle was served. The "common cup" of weal and woe is given to the bride and bridegroom in token that they ought to dwell in unbroken concord, hold and use, undivided, their

acquisitions, and share equally the cup of joy and sorrow. I n Greece they are given bread soaked in wine,.having the same significance.

(6) The circle typifies eternity. By this circling round the lectern,

upon which lie the book of the Gospels and the cross, the bridal pair signify their oath forever to preserve their marriage bond, until death shall break it. The triple circling is in honour of the Holy Trinity, which is invoked to'hear witness to their oath.

(7) Saint Constantine and Saint Helena are invoked because they

were the disseminators (in the tenth century) of the Orthodox faith ; and Saint Procopius is invoked because he instructed the twelve women to go to their death of martyrdom as to a marriage feast. The Exhortation is generally made immediately after this Benediction, instead of a t the point originally prescribed. (Seepage 294.)

(8) In the early Church, the crowns (of olive leaves) were worn for

(9) This second Order of Marriage is used only when both bride and

bridegroom have been previously wedded. When either is now married for the first time, the preceding Order is used. The holy Church permits second and even third marriages, but unwillingly. Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, commanded that persons who entered into a second marriage should not be crowned, and should be deprived of

the holy Communion for the space of two years. Persons who entered

into a third marriage were debarred from the Communion for five years. This rule is not observed at the present day, but explains this separate Order for Second Marriage.

ORDINATIONS.

* ( I ) The Sub-Deacon in his service typifies the service of the angels. Accordingly, at his ordination he is invested with the stole, which he girds about him crosswise, thereby symbolizing the wings with which

the Cherubim veil their faces as they stand before the throne of God.

(2) As no man is ordained to the Diaconate unless he be already a

Sub-Deacon, it is now customary (if he be not already a Sub-Deacon) to ordain him to that degree on the same day upon which he receives the Laying-on of Hands to the Diaconate. As he cannot marry after he has received this degree (of Sub-Deacon), he must be already married if he is to become a parish priest ; that is, unless he has elected to become a monk. A s he does not celebrate the Sacrament of the Eucharist but only serves at it, he is ordained after the consecration of the HoLy Gifts.

(3) The first "command " is addressed to the people, the second

to the clergy, and the third to the Bishop. In the early days of Christianity the people and the clergy of the local church had a voice in the election of Bishops, Priests and Deacons, in the sense that the choice made by the Bishops was announced to them, with the object of obtaining their testimony in regard to the qualities of the candidates, and of giving them an cpportunity to declare for or against the choice. Later on, owing to difficulties, the influence of the people upon the selection of their Bishops was restricted. In the choice of Priests and Deacons

the people never had as much to say as in that of their Bishops. T h e

" command " addressed to them preserves the tradition of their right t o pronounce upon the candidate's fitness.

(4) Hereby he announces his intention to devote himself always to

the service of God's altar.

(5) H e thereby signifies his gratitude and respect for him at whose

hands the grace of God is invoked upon him. The three hymns which are chanted while he is making this triple circuit of the Altar are symbolical : The Martyrs invoked in the first are to serve the candidate as an example for the preservation of his faith and purity; the second proclaims that the subject of the candidate's preaching (like that of the Apostles and Martyrs) is to be the Trinity, one in Essence and Undivided ; the third denotes that the foundation of the priesthood and of

the Church was the coming of the Saviour, who must be magnified,

while the holy Virgin is blessed.

(6) In token that the f ulness of the sacred ministry is not conferred

upon the Deacon, but only a portion thereof. (7) This denotes that he who is thus receiving Ordination is preparing himself to share the pastoral burden. ( 8 ) Kyrie eleison (Lord, have mercy), like Axios (worthy), is left in the original Greek, in order to show whence the Russian Church derived its Holy Orders. Anios signifies that he who through the Laying-on of Hands has received the grace of the Holy Spirit, is become worthy to perform the sacred office entrusted to him.

(9) The kissing signifies the mutual greeting upon the entry of the

new ecclesiastic upon his new ministry, and the love and union of all

the participants.

(10)The Ordination of a Priest takes place after the Holy Gifts have been bonie from the Credence Table to the Altar, in order that he may take part in their consecration. In token that he is finishing his service as Deacon, he bears the air (vdaduk/z) on his head during the Great Entrance. He kneels at the Altar on both knees, to denote that he is receiving a greater ministry and a higher gift than the Deacon. The rest of the symbolism is the same as at the Ordination of a Deacon. ( I I ) Because the Abbot is set over the flock of God in the Monas tery, he kisses the Bishop's stole, which is the emblem of the wandering sheep that the Goodshepherd took upon his shoulder, and which

the Bishop wears to denote his charge over the flock of Christ. The

rest of the symbolism is the same as at the Ordination of a Deacon

THE CONSECRATION OR ORDINATION OF A BISHOP.

e "a very large rug, upon which is depicted a single-headed eagle hovering over a city with battlemented walls and towers. Similar rugs, or " eagles," of a smaller size, are used for the Bishop (and for a Bishop only) to stand upon when he celebrates any service. The city is a symbol of his episcopal authority over the cities of his diocese; the eagle symbolizes his pure and lofty and upright theological teaching, in imitation of that eagle which is depicted with

St. John the Divine. . T h e same significance is attached to the halo round the eagle's head, which typifies theological attainments and the g i f t of grace.

(13) The Consecration takes place at this point because the Little

Entrance typifies the coming to earth of the Lord incarnate, who suffered for us, and rose again, and was received up into heaven. Therea f t e r the Holy Spirit consecrated the first successors of the Saviour,and revealed them as enthroned and reigning with Christ. Therefore, when t h e Chief Bishop enters the Sanctuary, as it were heaven, with the other ecclesiastics, the candidate for Consecration is led thither, and the Sacrament of Laying-on of Hands is conferred upon him before they all t a k e their places on the episcopal thrones, as it were on the heavenly thrones; and thus he, also, becomes a throned Bishop, and sits with them as their equal.

(14) The book of the Gospels represents Christ the Lord, the source

of all things. It is placed on the Bishop's neck to show that he should rule his flock after the pattern of Christ, bending his neck lightly under the yoke of Christ, and must do nothing contrary to His will. For under the form of the Gospels he has taken upon his head and neck t h e Church of the Lord

(15) Axios is said only when the omof6r or Bishop's stole (pall)

is laid upon his shoulders ; because he already possesses all the vestments of a Priest. It was made of wool in former days, and represents t h e wandering sheep which the Good Shepherd found and laid across his shoulders. It is adorned with crosses to signify that, as Christ bore his cross upon his shoulders, so all who desire to follow him must bear their cross on their shoulders. Many traditions quoted by ancient writers affirm that the clergy and all the people, by uttering this word "Axios" (worthy), at the Consecration of Bishops and at the Ordinations of Priests and Deacons, thereby gave their testimony to the blameless life and good morals of him who had received the laying-on of hands. St.

Clement instituted in the Primitive Church, in the name of the Apostles, a law that such testimony should be exacted especial(y at the Consecration of Bishops, in reply to the definite question, thrice put to the people : "Is he, in truth, worthy of this ministry ? "

HOLY UNCTION.

( I ) Anointing with the 'holy Oil is a Sacrament in which, through

the anointing of the body, the grace of God is invoked upon the sick

person; because that grace heals all ills, both those of thesoul and those of the body. It is performed only over sick persons (James v. 14, I 5 ) , with one exception : In the Cathedral of the Falling-asleep of

the Birth-giver of,God (Assumption) in Moscow, on Holy Thursday,

the Bishop anoints all persons who desire it, after the Divine Liturgy;

because, on the evening of Great and Holy Thursday Christ instituted a new Covenant with his Body and Blood. Therefore it is not unfitting that a well man should partake also of this Sacrament, since he knows not the day and hour of his death. The warrant for this is the saying of St. James, taken in its broadest sense to include those who si~ffer from spiritual ills- grief, despondency, and the like- as well as from those of the body. The sick person who receives this Sacrament must be of the Orthodox faith, and must prepare himself by repentance and confession; and before or after this Sacrament he receives the Sacrament of the Holy Communion. Holy Unction, being in the nature of a healing remedy,

may be repeated ; and even the young need not fear to receive it, under the erroneous impression that, having received it, they cannot, thenceforth, eat meat or marry. It is performed in church, in the presence of an assembly, if the sick person be able to leave his bed ; or at home, before an assembly of people. Seven Priests are appointed to perform it, because there are seven Lessons from the Epistles, seven from the Gospels, and seven Prayers ; the number seven being chosen as symbolical of the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit, and in conformity with

the number of prayers and inclinations made by the Prophet Elisha (2

Kings iv. 35) ; of the number of prayers of the Prophet Elijah, with which he shut up the skies for three years and a half ( I Kings xviii. 43); of Naaman's dipping himself in the waters of the Jordan, after which he was cleansed. But in case of need the holy Church permits one Priest to perform the Office, if he does so in the name of the whole assembly. A shorter form of the Office is appointed for use over those in danger of immediate death. Another name for the Sacrament is " Prayer-Oil."

(2) Seven tapers are lighted round about the shrine-lamp or other

vessel which contains the wine and oil, as images of the Seven Gifts of

the Holy Spirit. I t is customary for all those who are present to hold

tapers not only during the reading of the Gospels, but also during all the residue of the Office, in token of their fervent prayers for the salvation of the sick person.

The wheat serves as the emblem of the embryo of a new life-of of resurrection (John

healing and of life after the death of the body

xii. 24; I Cor. xv. 36-38). The oil is the visible token of the grace of

healing (Mark xvi. 18). The wine is used as a symbol of the blood of Christ shed upon the cross for the salvation of men. The oil must be pure olive oil, without any admixture.

(3) The oil symbolizes God's mercy; the wine, the blood which flowed

from the side of our Lord upon the cross. The union of the oil and wine is made after the pattern of the remedy which was used by the Good Samaritan.

(4) The Great Martyr, Demetrius ( t a t Thessalonica, A. D. 306),whose

bones still exude chrism, and are famous throughout the Orient as

healing to the sick. Nestor was a young Christian of Thessalonica who visited St. Demetrius in prison (where the latter was suffering for the f a i t h ) to receive his blessing before engaging in confliet with the Emperor's favourite gladiator. Demetrius predicted that Nestor would conquer, but would suffer martyrdom in consequence ; and so it came to pass.

(5) St. Panteleimon, of Nicomedia, was a Christian physician, who

suffered martyrdom for the faith A. D. 296. H e performed many miracul o u s cures during his lifetime, and was beheaded, after many vain efforts to kill him by various torturing assaults, in which God protected him from harm. (6) " Unmercenaries" is the title applied to disinterested benefactors, who alleviated the pangs both of the soul and body ; more especially to physicians of the early Church.

(7) In this act the Church imitates the Prophet Elisha, who sent 'his

staff to the Shunammite woman (2 Kings iv. 29). As the Gospels contain the accounts of many miracles wrought by Jesus Christ, they are laid upon the sufferer's head, with the printed pages down, in the h o p e that he will receive like physical and spiritual healing; and in o r d e r to strengthen the faith in the written word of our Lord in the minds of those present. Christ, in performing his miracles of healing, laid his almighty hand upon the ~ i c k . Therefore his priests, in this Office, lay their hands upon (or hold) the Gospels, in token of reconciliation.

THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD (LAYMEN).

( I ) When an Orthodox layman dies his body is washed, after the custom of Apostolic times (Acts ix. 37), out of respect to the dead and a desire that he shall present himself clean before the presence of God, in the resurrection. Then the body is clothed in new garments, which symbolize our new garment of incorruption ( I Cor. xv. 53). T h e garments thus used correspond to the calling or rank of the departed. They denote that in the resurrection every man must render an accounting to God of the manner in which he has fulfilled his duty in that state of life to which he was called. Thus a monk is dressed in monastic garb. and wrapped in his mantle, which is cut a little, in order that it may be

laid about him in the form of a cross; and his face is covered, to denote that in the earthly life he was estranged from the things of this world. T h e Psalter is read over the body of an Orthodox believer until the time is come to bury him. This reading comforts those who are mourning the departed, and inclines them to prayer. Inasmuch as the Psalter is designed chiefly to represent prayers for him who has fallen asleep in the Lord, it is interrupted by a commemoration of the dead, with special prayerful petitions to God wherein the dead person is men-

tioned by name. It is customary to repeat this after each division of the Psalter, as indicated by the Doxology. Upon the brow of the dead is placed the chaplet, a strip of material upon which are depicted our Lord Jesus Christ, his holy Mother, and St. John the Haptist; together with the Thrice-Hob (0 Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us). The dead Christian is thus adorned with the wreath like an athlete who, with honour, has'left

the field of contest ; or like a warrior who has won a victory. T h e figures

printed thereon sign~fythat he who has run his earthly career hopes to receive the crown for his deeds solely through the mercy of the Triune God and the mediation of the Mother of our Lord and of his Forerunner. In the hand of the dead is placed a holy picture (ikdna) of the Saviour, in token that he has believed in Christ and has surrendered his soul to him ; that in life he beheld the Lord by anticipation, and now is gone to see him face to face in blessedness, with the Saints. The body of the dead is covered with a holy pall, in token that, as one who has been a believer and has been sanctified by the Sacraments, he is under the protection of Christ. At funerals four standard candlesticks are placed at the four sides

of the coffin, forming a cross. Those present, both at funerals and at Requiem Services (Panih'zfdi), hold tapers, thereby typifying the light divine wherewith the Christian is enlightened at baptism, and the fervour of his prayers. The taper also serves as an image of the world to come, of the light which knows no setting.

(2) This, the song of the Archangels in honour of the Holy Trinity,

is sung because the dead person is now being accompanied into the realm of the Angels, who sing continually the Thrice-Holy hymn. (3) That is to say, if the Sacrament of Holy.Unction has been performed upon the deceased during his lifetime, the oil and wine which remained therefrom are poured over his dead body. This anointment is Christ's token, and a seal of confirmation that they who die in Christ have wrought for Christ, in the sanctification of their bodies, and have lived uprightly in this earthly life.

(4) The ashes typify the same thing as the unconsumed oil - the

life which is extinguished on earth, yet acceptable unto God ; like the sweet spices of the censer. ( 5 ) If anyone departs this life on holy Easter Day, or on any day of

the Bright Week which intervenes between that day and the Sunday

of St. Thomas following, less than the customary funeral songs are sung, because of the majesty and honour due to the joyful Feast of the Resurrection ; for it is a festival of joy and gladness, not of mourning. And since all who have died in the hope of resurrection and of life eternal through Christ are, by Christ's resurrection, translated from the sorrowful things of this world to things glad and joyful, t h e Church proclaims this by songs of resurrection over the dead. By this diminu-

tion ok the songs, litanies and prayers ordinarily appropriate to those who have fallen asleep, we are assured that he who dies in penitence, even if he have not yet given satisfaction for his sins, has pardon for them, through the prayers of the Church, and is freed from their bonds.

THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD (PRIESTS).

( I ) At the burial of Prelates, Hiero-monks, Archimandrites and Priests, when the body is borne from the house to the church, during the reading of the Prayer of Absolution, and on the way to the grave, the church bells are rung, as they are when the holy cross is brought forth from

the Sanctuary, on September 14 (27), August I (14), in .Mid-Lent, on

Good Friday, and on Holy Saturday. That is to say, each bell is struck once, and the order is repeated thrice, or oftener ; after which all the bells are struck together, once. A t the burial of a Bishop the body is carried round the church on its way to the grave, and a brief service is celebrated at each side of the church. Deacons are buried like laymen ; because in the Order for the Burial of Priests the sacerdotal rank of the latter is specifically mentioned. A censer is placed in the hand of the dead Deacon.

(2) A dead Bishop, after he has been rubbed with oil by means of a

sponge, is arrayed in all his sacerdotal vestments while "Thy soul shall delight itself in the Lord " is being sung ; and the censers, sacramental fans, together with the double and triple branched candlesticks (liikfi, I d i n ] are used. When the vesting is completed he is seated in an armchair, and the Proto-Deacon proclaims : "Send forth thy light;" after which the body is laid upon a table, and the face is covered with a sacramental veil. The veil denotes that the dead was a minister of the Sacraments of God, more especially of the Holy Mysteries of the Body and Blood of Christ, and it is buried with him. If he has at any time received the Sacrament of Holy Unction, the oil remaining therefrom

is used to anoint his body for burial, as is the case also with Priests. (3) 'In token that he proclaimed unto men the teachings of the Gospels, a cross is generally placed in the hands of a dead Bishop or Priest; because it is the emblem of salvation, both of the living and the dead.

The book of the Holy Gospels is buried with him, and the cross also.

Over the remains of a dead Hishop or Priest the Gospels are read instead of the Psalter, "in order to propitiate God," says Simeon of Thessalonica. " For what other offering can be made unto God, to propitiate him on behalf of him that lieth there, if not this, to wit, the proclamation of the Incarnation of God, of his teachings, his Sacraments, and the gift of the remission of sins, his redeeming Passion for us, his life creating death and resurrection ? "

( I ) The origin of the Service of the Dead (Panikhtdi)is a s follows : St. Macarius of Alexandria once inquired from the Angels who accompanied him an explanation of the Church's custom to celebrate the third, ninth, and fortieth days after a death by religious services. And the Angel told him : "When, on the third day, the body is brought to the Temple, the Soul of the dead man receiveth from his Guardian Angel relief from the grief which he feeleth at parting from his body. This he receiveth because of the oblatioil and praise which are offered for him in God's Church, whence there ariseth in him a blessed hope. For during the space of two days the Soul is permitted to wander at will over the earth, with the Angels which accompany it. Therefore the

Soul, since it loveth its body, sometimes hovereth around the house in which it parted from the body; sometimes around the coffin wherein its body hath been placed: and thus it passeth those days like a bid which seeketh for itself a nesting-place. But the beneficent Soul wandereth through those places where it was wont to perform deeds of righteousness. " On the third day H e who rose again from the dead commandeth that every Soul, in imitation of his own Resurrection, shall be brougbt to heaven, that it may do reverence to the God of all. Wherefore the Church hath the blessed custom of celebrating oblation and prayers on

the third day for the Soul.

"After the Soul hath done reverence to God, He ordereth that it shall be shown the' varied and fair abodes of the Saints and the beauty of Paradise. All these things the Soul vieweth during six days, marvelling and glorifying God, the Creator of all. And when the Soul hath beheld all these things, it is changed, and forgetteth all the sorrow which it felt in the body. But if it be guilty of sins, then, at the sight of the delights of the Saints, it beginneth to wail, and to reproach itself, saying : ' Woe is me ! How vainly did I pass my time in the world ! Engrossed in the satisfaction of my desires, I passed the greater part of my life in heedlessness, and obeyed not God as I ought, that I, also,

might be vouchsafed these graces and glories. Woe is me, poor wretch!' After having thus viewed all the joys of the Just for the space of six days, the Angels lead the Soul again to do reverence to God. Therefore the Church doth well, in that she celebrateth service and oblation for the Soul on the ninth day. " After its second reverence to God, the Master of all commandeth that the Soul be conducted to Hell, and there shown the places of torment, the different divisions of Hell ; and the divers torments of the ungodly, which cause the souls of sinners that find themselves therein to groan continually, and to gnash their teeth. Through these various

places of torment the Soul is borne during thirty days, trembling lest it also be condemned to imprisonment therein. "On the fortieth day the Soul is again taken to do reverence to God: and then the Judge determineth the fitting place.of its incarceration, according to its deeds. Thus the Church doth rightly in making mention, upon the fortieth day, of the baptized dead." I t is also customary to have the Requiem Office celebrated on the anniversaries of the birt h-day, name-day, and death-day of the departed.

(2) I t is customary, at the Requiem Office (Panikhidi), to place upon

a small table in the church a dish of kzriiyd or Rolfva: that is, boiled wheat, mixed with honey, to which raisins are sometimes added. The Kolfva serves to remind us of the resurrection of the dead. As grain, in order that it may form ears and give fruit, must be buried in the earth, and moulder there ; so, also, the body of the dead must be committed to the earth, in order that it may rise to life eternal. The honey typifies the sweetness of bliss of the future life. In the grain is set upright a lighted taper, which symbolizes the light wherewith the Christian is illumined in baptism; and also the light of the world to come, which knows no setting.

(3) Thereby offering unto God, as it were, a sacrifice of propitiation

for the dead person, and in honour of the Sovereign Lord over life and death.

T H E CONSECRATION OF A CHURCH.

( I ) The Canon of the Holy Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic Church of

the East orders that the Consecration of a Church must be performed

by a Bishop. If, however, this be not possible, the Bishop sends a corporal (aniiminr) which has been consecrated to the Church that is to be consecrated, and delegates his authority of consecration to an Archimandrite, an Abbot, an Archpriest, or a Priest. In that case a briefer Office is used than the one here given. In substance, the two Offices are identical ; but the most important part of the Office as performed by a Bishop, namely, the consecration of the corporal, is of necessity omitted. Relics are placed in the Altar only in case a Bishop consecrates the church. If the Altar is of stone, all the portions of the service prescribed for a wooden Altar are omitted.

(2) This garment (Exodus xxviii. 4) is white in colour, and is trebly

girt: about the neck of the officiating ecclesiastic, in token of wisdom and obedience to God ; about the body, beneath the breast, to symbolize the Word ; about the loins, as a symbol of purity and strength. If a Bishop celebrate, the apron-like garment should be of silk; if a Priest, of cotton cloth.

(3) The Office of Consecration proper is preceded by the Blessing

of Water, in a form which greatly resembles that appointed for the Feast of the Epiphany.

(4) As the Altar represents the sepulchre of our Lord Jesus Christ,

so the mastic, mingled with fragrant spices, represents the sweet-smelling spices wherewith Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus anointed

the body of our Lord when they laid him in the tomb.

As the Temple is fashioned after the image of our bodies, which are

the temple of God (2 Cor. vi. 16) and members of Christ ( I Cor. xii

27); that rite which is performed a t the Consecration of a Church is analogous to the rite by which every believer is made a member of the Church, and the Consecration resembles holy Baptism and holy Chrismation. Therefore, at a Consecration, rose-water, the holy Chrism, white garments and tapers are used ; and the building, like the font, is compassed about in procession, in the circle which is the emblem of Eternity. ( 5 ) The affixing of the table to the Altar with four nails commemorates the nailing of our Lord to the cross. The stones thus used are not thrown away, but are generally laid beneath the Altar.

(6) Moses, by the Lord's command, anointed the Tabernacle and the

Altar at the dedication of the Temple (Exoduh xl. g, lo), as the Altar is here first anointed, and the Sanctuary afterwards. The three places anointed are those where, during the Divine Liturgy, the book of the Holy Gospels, the paten and the chalice are to stand.

(7) The corporal (anfimfns) is, as it were, the Altar itself, and takes

the place of an Altar when, by reason of storm or any other cause, the

Altar falls into ruin; or when it is necessary to celebrate the Divine

silken cloth, whereon is depicted our Lord Jesus Christ in the sepulchre. ' (Sce page xxvii.)

(8) The double vesting of the Altar indicates its double significance:

as the tomb of Christ and the throne of God. The first altar-cloth represents the winding-sheet wherein the body of our Lord Jesus Christ was wrapped for burial. (9)The cord typifies the cord wherewith our ~ o i was d bound, when he was led before Annas and Caiaphas. (10) The second covering of the Altar, the indftia, of rich and brilliant material, typifies the glory of God's throne.

(11) This, the zlzfhz, represents' the swaddling-clothes wherein the

infant Christ was wrapped at his birth ; our Lord's winding-sheet in the tomb; and the napkin which was bound about his head in the tomb. (Here, as in certain other instances, there are several explanations of

the symbolism, upon which the authorities occasionally differ.)

(12) This typifies, as in holy Baptism, spiritual illumination.

(13) This signifies that the Church is consecrated forever t o God;

because the circle is the symbol of eternity.

(14) The holy relics placed in the Altar or under the corporal (a+

timfns) bear witness to the special presence there of God. They remind

the Christian that when he is in church he is in' a place sprinkled with

the blood of the Saints ; and he rejoices w.ith holy glzdness, recalling

the words of St. John : "That ye, also, may have fellowship with us " ( I

The holv relics are anointed with the holv Chrism as for burial, in

token of tge close bond between the ~ a r t ~ r s > nChrist.

The relics of

the Saints which remain incorruptible on earth assure us of the special

prayers for us on the part of the Saints thus honoured with immortality of body ere the coming of the Kingdom of Glory (Rev. vi. g, 10).

For our most God-fearing Sovereign, N., the Emperor of All

the Russias; for His Wife, the most God-fearing Sovereign

Lady, the Empress N . ; (for His Mother, the most God-fearing Sovereign Lady, the Empress N.) ; for His Heir, the Orthodox Lord, (TzesarCvitch) and Grand Prince, N . ; (for His Wife, the Orthodox Lady, (TzesarCvna) and Grand Princess, N.) ; and for all the Reigning House; and for all Their Council, and Their Army and Navy; (and for the Emperor, or King, or President, of N., zyit be i n a fovezgn country); let us pray to the Lord.

(IN GREECE, SYRIA A N D TURKEY)

For our most God-fearing and God-preserved Sovereigns, and for all Their Council and Their Army, and Navy, let us pray to the Lord. (Or, the ~ ~ a n oRulers us are prayedfor by name, as indicated abme, in theform for Russia.)

Page 71, I ~ t line h from bottom : . . . cutting it crosswise, but leaving

the seal intact, and saying :

Page 94, end of first column, and Page g6, 21st line from bottom : . invisibly upborne. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Page g6, end of second column : . the Navy, a n d allyou Odhodox Christians (and the Ruler . Page I 17, on 16th line from bottom, omit : . . each time: